The pharmacological potential of hesperidin

The modern scientific society has presently recognized flavonoids to be a unique class of therapeutic molecules due to their varied therapeutic properties. Of these, hesperidin, found along with vitamin C, has been explored for a number of pharmacological effects. Citrus and oranges possess hesperidin as one of the active constituents. Today, hesperidin has been well recognized for its beneficial effects on health. The present review highlights the current information and health-promoting effects of hesperidin. The review uncovers protective effects of hesperidin on functions and integrity of liver, kidney, heart, and age related memory impairment. Hesperidin demonstrated the antimicrobial, anticancer, antihypertensive and antiulcer effect. The present review focus on current information of hesperidin and its active metabolite hesperetin. Along with this, the chemotherapeutic potential of the same has also discussed

Immunomodulatory effect of rutin, catechin, and hesperidin on macrophage function

58-63The inflammation was observed by a sequence of comprehensive, correlated prevalence which causes enrollment of macrophages along with by removal of foreign particles and instigation of tissue repair. Though, massive release of chemokine and cytokines from macrophages can cause the progression of auto-inflammation and auto-immune diseases. The control overproduction of these mediators without damaging macrophages seems to be a novel strategy to control inflammation. Plants have been an integral part of the health-care system since ancient times. Many modern-day pharmaceuticals find their origin from phytochemicals. Rutin, catechin, and hesperidin are well-recognized for analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic effects. Scientific reports rationalize their protective effect on humoral and cell-mediated immunity. The present study is focused to determine the immunomodulatory effect of rutin, catechin, and hesperidin on macrophage function. Rat peritoneal macrophages were harvested and cultured in the presence of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and hesperidin. MTT assay was performed to determine macrophage viability. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 were determined by ELISA kits whereas NO levels were determined by Griess method. The results of the present study revealed a decrease in levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and NO in LPS treated groups. In conclusion, LPS activated the macrophage by promoting the production of immune mediators, whereas rutin, catechin, and hesperidin treatment showed anti-inflammatory activities by suppressing the cytokine production in rat macrophages

The pharmacological potential of hesperidin

287-300The modern scientific society has presently recognized flavonoids to be a unique class of therapeutic molecules due to their varied therapeutic properties. Of these, hesperidin, found along with vitamin C, has been explored for a number of pharmacological effects. Citrus and oranges possess hesperidin as one of the active constituents. Today, hesperidin has been well recognized for its beneficial effects on health. The present review highlights the current information and health-promoting effects of hesperidin. The review uncovers protective effects of hesperidin on functions and integrity of liver, kidney, heart, and age related memory impairment. Hesperidin demonstrated the antimicrobial, anticancer, antihypertensive and antiulcer effect. The present review focus on current information of hesperidin and its active metabolite hesperetin. Along with this, the chemotherapeutic potential of the same has also discussed

In silico interaction of hesperidin with some immunomodulatory targets: A docking analysis

Forms eternal era, plant, mineral and animal products are used as drugs for the treatment of various diseases. The use of medicinal plants for immunomodulation has a long history. The modern medicinal compounds find their leads in natural products. Immunomodulation amends the immune system of an individual by prying with its usual functions. Discovery of immunomodulators from natural sources has been comprehensively made to modulate the immune system to prevent diseases. Hesperidin has been investigated for its potential anti-inflammatory effects. Hesperidin demonstrated analgesic effects in experimental animals. The present study is focused on exploring the in silico interaction of hesperidin with some chemokines and inflammatory targets. In this study, hesperidin was docked with TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and NOs. Docking studies revealed the excellent interaction of hesperidin with these targets. The result of this work provided an insight into the discovery of novel molecules for immunomodulation and treatment of inflammatory disorders. Additional studies on hesperidin and associated flavonoids are necessary to establish its safety. Hesperidin, can, therefore, can be considered as a candidate for development of an immunomodulatory agent

Immunomodulatory effect of rutin, catechin, and hesperidin on macrophage function

The inflammation is observed by a sequence of comprehensive, correlated prevalence which causes enrollment of macrophages along with by removal of foreign particles and instigation of tissue repair. Though, massive release of chemokine and cytokines from macrophages can cause the progression of auto-inflammation and auto-immune diseases. The control overproduction of these mediators without damaging macrophages seems to be a novel strategy to control inflammation. Plants have been an integral part of the health-care system since ancient times. Many modern-day pharmaceuticals find their origin from phytochemicals. Rutin, catechin, and hesperidin are well-recognized for analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic effects. Scientific reports rationalize their protective effect on humoral and cell-mediated immunity. The present study is focused to determine the immunomodulatory effect of rutin, catechin, and hesperidin on macrophage function. Rat peritoneal macrophages were harvested and cultured in the presence of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and hesperidin. MTT assay was performed to determine macrophage viability. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 were determined by ELISA kits whereas NO levels were determined by Griess method. The results of the present study revealed a decrease in levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and NO in LPS treated groups. In conclusion, LPS activated the macrophage by promoting the production of immune mediators, whereas rutin, catechin, and hesperidin treatment showed anti-inflammatory activities by suppressing the cytokine production in rat macrophages

The pharmacological potential of catechin

505-511The contemporary scientific community has presently recognized flavonoids to be a unique class of therapeutic molecules due to their diverse therapeutic properties. Of these, catechin, also, has been explored for a number of pharmacological effects. The present review aims to document the therapeutic potential of catechin. Tea leave, catechu, and much more possess catechin as one of the active constituents. Today, catechin has been observed for its nutraceutical effect. The objective of this review is to examine the evidence of the effectiveness and pharmacological effects of catechin. Preclinical, as well as randomized controlled clinical trials pertaining to studies of catechin,are included in the study. Chemical properties of catechin and its structure-activity relationship about various biological activities have also been documented. The review revealed protective effects of catechin on functions and integrity of liver, kidney, heart , and age-related memory impairment. Catechin demonstrated the antimicrobial, anticancer, antihypertensive, anticoagulant , and antiulcer effect. The present review highlights the current information and the health-promoting effects of catechin. Along with this, the chemotherapeutic potential of the same has also been discussed

In silico interaction of Berberine with some immunomodulatory targets: A docking analysis

Plant, mineral, and animal products have been utilized as medications from the beginning of time to cure a variety of ailments. Use of medicinal herbs to modulate immune function has a rich history. Natural products serve as the foundation for contemporary pharmaceutical ingredients. Immunomodulation alters an individual's immune system by interfering with its normal processes. Immunomodulators derived from natural sources have been extensively studied in order to modify the immune system and prevent illness. Berberine is an alkaloid has been identified for its anti-inflammatory properties. In animal studies, Berberine was found to demonstrate analgesic properties. The current work is aimed to explore the in silico interactions of Berberine with various chemokines and inflammatory pathways. Berberine was docked with TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and NOs in this investigation. Docking study demonstrated notable interactions with these targets. The present research provides insight into the development of new compounds for immunomodulation and the management of inflammatory illnesses. More research on Berberine and related flavonoids is necessary to assess its safety. As a result, Berberine can be regarded as a candidate for the advancement of an immunomodulatory agent

<em>In silico </em>interaction of catechin with some immunomodulatory targets: A docking analysis

626-631The use of plant products as immunomodulator has a long history. For eternal era, plant, mineral and animal products are used as drugs for the treatment of various diseases. The present-day synthetic compounds find their leads in natural products. The process of immunomodulation amends the immune system of an individual by prying with its usual functions. Research of immunomodulators from natural sources has been extensively studied for modulation of immune system along with protection and prevention of diseases. Catechin, a flavonoid has been investigated for its potential anti-inflammatory effects. Analgesic effects have been observed for catechin in experimental animals. The present study is focused on exploring the in silico interaction of catechin with some chemokines and inflammatory targets. In this study, catechin was docked with tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). Docking studies revealed the interaction of catechin with these targets. The result of present study provides insight for the discovery of novel molecules for immunomodulation and treatment of inflammatory disorders. Findings from the present study show that catechin interact with several chemokines and inflammatory mediators. Further studies quantitative structure activity relationship and quantitative structure property relationship on catechin and associated flavonoids are necessary to develop and establish studies which may serve a stepping stone for the development of novel and safe immunomodulator. Catechin, can, therefore, can be considered as a candidate for development of an immunomodulatory agent

In silico interaction of hesperidin with some immunomodulatory targets: A docking analysis

28-33Forms eternal era, plant, mineral and animal products are used as drugs for the treatment of various diseases. The use of medicinal plants for immunomodulation has a long history. The modern medicinal compounds find their leads in natural products. Immunomodulation amends the immune system of an individual by prying with its usual functions. Discovery of immunomodulators from natural sources has been comprehensively made to modulate the immune system to prevent diseases. Hesperidin has been investigated for its potential anti-inflammatory effects. Hesperidin demonstrated analgesic effects in experimental animals. The present study is focused on exploring the in silico interaction of hesperidin with some chemokines and inflammatory targets. In this study, hesperidin was docked with TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and NOs. Docking studies revealed the excellent interaction of hesperidin with these targets. The result of this work provided an insight into the discovery of novel molecules for immunomodulation and treatment of inflammatory disorders. Additional studies on hesperidin and associated flavonoids are necessary to establish its safety. Hesperidin, can, therefore, can be considered as a candidate for development of an immunomodulatory agent

<em>In silico</em> interaction of rutin with some immunomodulatory targets: a docking analysis

88-94The use of plant products as immunomodulator has a long history. Forms eternal era, plant, mineral and animal products are used as drugs for the treatment of various diseases. The present-day synthetic compounds find their leads in natural products. The process of immunomodulation retunes the immune system of an individual by restoring routine functions. Research on immunomodulators from natural sources has been extensively studied for modulation of immune system along with protection and prevention of diseases. Rutin, a flavonoid has been investigated for its potential immunomodulatory effects. Increased particle clearance, decreased inflammation, increased leucocyte and antibody production was observed with administration of rutin in rats. The present study is focused on exploring in silico interaction of rutin with some chemokines and inflammatory targets. In this study, rutin was docked with TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and NOs. Docking studies revealed the excellent interaction of rutin with these targets. The result of present study provides insight for the discovery of novel molecules for immunomodulation and treatment of inflammatory disorders. Findings from the present study show that rutin may interact with several chemokines and inflammatory mediators. Further studies on rutin and associated flavonoids are necessary to develop and establish QSAR and QSPR studies which may serve a stepping stone for the development of novel and safe immunomodulator. Rutin therefore, can be considered for development of an immunomodulatory agent