Paris-Milan : comparer l'intégration européenne dans la production de la ville. Regards croisés sur les questions ferroviaires et d'urbanisme.

Communication ET 2011 Grenobl

De l’aménagement du territoire au réaménagement des terrains de l’État : Politiques et projets de reconversion urbaine du domaine ferroviaire en France et en Italie

Barracks, ports, hospitals, prisons, railway sites are earmarked for many redevelopment projects in European cities. A substantial part of urban regeneration therefore occurs on ‘State places’. This research contributes to explain such an urban restructuring process that reshapes the material base of the State. It questions the reasons and the modalities of the reorganisation of a specific sector, railway firms, in urban areas. The comparative enquiry carried out two countries (Italy and France) and four cities (Milan, Bolzano Paris and Nantes) distinguishes two main factors. On the one hand, urban governments question the way the railway network has occupied central and pericentral urban areas since the 1970s, in relation to their increasing strategic power in urban development. On the other hand, real estate logics and skills have expanded within theses publicly owned firms since the beginning of the 1990s, due to their greater accounting autonomy and their need to face a rising financial pressure. Since then, the reorganisation of the logistical power (i.e. the capacity to order the flows of things and people) of this sector in cities is explained by the adjustment of three main ‘conceptions’ regarding the motives for the redevelopment of urban railway sites: real estate, urban planning, and industrial. This adjustment is carried out through urban redevelopment projects and follows different paths in Italy and France. In Italy, the loose institutional frame regarding railway land handover generates differentiated agreementsbetween operators and urban governments whereas in France processes and outcomes are more homogeneous from one city to another. The double shift from conventional approaches – toward the operator and the material base of the State – sheds light on new relationships between State and urban restructuring.Casernes, ports, hôpitaux, prisons, ou encore sites ferroviaires font l’objet de nombreux projets de reconversion dans les villes européennes. Une part substantielle du renouvellement urbain s’effectue ainsi sur des ‘terrains de l’État’. Cette thèse contribue à expliquer ces restructurations urbaines qui participent également des recompositions de l’État, dans sa dimension matérielle. Elle interroge les raisons et les modalités de la réorganisation de la présence d’un type d’opérateur national, les entreprises ferroviaires, dans l’espace urbain. L’enquête comparative menée sur deux pays (Italie et France) et quatre villes (Milan, Bolzano, Paris et Nantes) identifie deux principaux facteurs explicatifs. D’une part, les gouvernements urbains mettent en cause les modes d’occupation de l’espace urbain par le réseau ferroviaire depuis les années 1970, dans le contexte de leur intervention croissante dans l’aménagement. D’autre part, des logiques et des compétences immobilières se développent au sein des firmes publiques de flux depuis le début des années 1990, dans le contexte de leur autonomisation comptable et de pressions financières accrues. La réorganisation du pouvoir logistique (lacapacité à organiser les flux de choses et de personnes) de ce secteur dans les villes s’explique dès lors par l’ajustement des trois ‘conceptions’ dominantes des raisons de la reconversion des sites ferroviaires, à savoir : immobilière, urbanistique et industrielle. Cet ajustement s’opère dans des projets d’aménagement et s’effectue différemment en Italie et en France. En Italie, le cadre institutionnel plus lâche qui entoure la cession du domaine ferroviaire donne lieu à desaccords différenciés entre opérateurs et gouvernements urbains selon les villes, contrairement au cas français où processus et résultats sont plus homogènes d’une ville à l’autre. Par rapport aux approches existantes sur les relations entre villes et État, le double déplacement proposé dans cette thèse, vers les opérateurs et vers la dimension matérielle de l’État, éclaire de nouvelles relations entre recompositions de l’État et restructurations urbaines.Caserme, porti, ospedali, carceri e siti ferroviari sono all’origine di numerosi progetti di trasformazione urbana nelle città europee. Una parte significativa della rigenerazione urbana si svolge, infatti, su ‘terreni di Stato’. La tesi si pone l’obiettivo di spiegare tali mutazioni dello spazio urbano, che contribuiscono anche alla riconfigurare la dimensione materiale dello Stato. Questa ricerca s’interroga più precisamente sulle cause e sulle modalità della riorganizzazione di un operatore nazionale, le imprese ferroviarie, nello spazio urbano. L’indagine comparativa condotta in due paesi (Italia e Francia) e quattro città (Milano, Bolzano, Parigi e Nantes) permette di identificare due principali fattori esplicativi. Da un lato, i governi locali tendono a mettere in discussione, dagli anni ’70 e nell’ambito di un crescente intervento strategico nella gestione delle trasformazioni urbane, l’occupazione estensiva delle zone centrali e pericentrali da parte della rete ferroviaria. Dall’altro, le imprese pubbliche di trasporto sviluppano dall’interno nuove logiche e competenze immobiliari, nel contesto di più generali processi di autonomizzazione contabile e di riduzione delle risorse che le toccano dagli anni ’90. La riorganizzazione del ‘potere logistico’ (la capacità ad organizzare i flussi di persone e di cose) del settore ferroviario nelle città è dunque spiegata dagli aggiustamenti tra tre diverse accezioni dominanti della riconversione degli scali ferroviari: immobiliare, urbanistica, industriale. Tali aggiustamenti avvengono nei progetti di trasformazione urbana e si svolgono diversamente in Francia e in Italia. In Italia, il quadro istituzionale più labile che regge l’alienazione del demanio ferroviario permette la realizzazione di accordi differenziati, a seconda della città, tra operatori dello Stato e governi locali, mentre in Francia processi e risultati sono più omogenei da una città all’altra. Rispetto ai consueti approcci sulle relazioni fra stato e città, la tesi propone un duplice spostamento analitico – verso gli operatori e sulla dimensione materiale dello Stato – che permette di analizzare nuove relazioni fra trasformazione dello Stato e ristrutturazioni urbane

Clichy-Batignolles: l'autunno del regime pianificatore di Parigi

National audienc

Haila, Anne (2016), Urban Land Rent. Singapore as a Property State

Singapour est une cité-État qui présente un apparent paradoxe dans une société capitaliste : la population est composée à 90 % de propriétaires de logements installés sur un sol détenu par l’État à 90 % et construits pour l’essentiel par une autorité publique. Cette situation exceptionnelle va à rebours des politiques néolibérales contemporaines de privatisation et de marchandisation des sols. Une analyse de ce système institutionnel était la bienvenue. L’ouvrage d’Anne Haila Urban Land Rent ..

The Assemblage of Railway Sector Restructuring and Urban Redevelopment.: Discussing the Splintering Urbanism Thesis in the Case of Clichy Batignolles

International audienceThe classic urban question of the relationships between network infrastructures and socio-spatial forms is on the agenda again due to the reforms faced by the infrastructure sectors since the 1980s in Europe. The splintering urbanism thesis established by Graham and Marvin offers a theoretical framework to grasp these changing relationships, establishing links between neo-liberal reforms of network infrastructures, fragmenting practices of urban development and polarizing trends within cities. This chapter contributes to the discussion of these changes through the case study of an urban redevelopment project situated in the core of the Parisian metropolis, defined as an assemblage between real estate handover strategies of railway firms and urban policies. Describing the infrastructural system, the spatial design and the area programming of Clichy Batignolles development plan, we will not observe convergent trends and pre-given relationships, but contextrelated processes and outcomes of urban development. Rather than a fragmenting process, this case study shows that it is the social mix, spatial continuity and eco-friendly atmosphere of the urban development that could fuel social change within this city

The Political Economy of Italian Public Real Estate Privatization: Austerity, Financialization and the "Enrichment Economy"

International audienc

Choisir ses occupants: Quand les grands propriétaires adoptent des collectifs pour la gestion transitoire des friches urbaines

URL : http://www.metropolitiques.eu/Choisir-ses-occupants.html.National audienceLes occupations temporaires autorisées et planifiées de friches à des fins culturelles et récréatives fleurissent dans les villes françaises. Pourquoi de grands propriétaires encouragent-ils de telles occupations de leurs sites par des collectifs ? En apportant un éclairage sur ces pratiques « bienveillantes », l’article interroge également l’économie politique de la production urbaine

From state restructuring to urban restructuring: The intermediation of public landownership in urban development projects in France

URL : http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0969776417717308International audienceMany urban development projects (UDPs) in Europe take place on lands belonging to public bodies and administrations, and publicly owned firms. Yet, the literature has failed to explain why a substantial proportion of the remaking of European cities is shaped on public properties, and with what outcomes. My underlying hypothesis is that the redevelopment of such properties depends primarily on the restructuring of the state. Firstly, this paper provides evidence of the relationships between three dynamics of state restructuring and the disposal of public land and real estate properties owned by one sector of the French state, that is, the railways. Secondly, the paper focuses on two UDPs of railway sites, respectively located in Paris and Nantes, in order to disclose the specificity of the redevelopment process associated with public railway properties, due to the socio-legal infrastructure of railway land disposal stemming from these dynamics. The paper demonstrates that (i) state restructuring impels various levels and organisations of the state to redevelop public land and real estate properties; and (ii) the effects of state restructuring can be explained only by analysing the mediating role of the socio-legal infrastructure of these properties, which frames the processes and outcomes of the redevelopment projects. In so doing, the paper offers a specific account of the explanatory factors, processes and outcomes of the relationship between state restructuring and a significant proportion of the restructuring of urban areas in Europe

The assemblage of railway network restructuring and urban redevelopment policies. Discussing the splintering urbanism thesis in the case of Clichy Batignolles

The classic urban question of the relationships between network infrastructures and socio-spatial forms is on the agenda again due to the reforms faced by the infrastructure sectors since the 80s in Europe. The splintering urbanism thesis established by Graham and Marvin offers a theoretical framework to grasp these changing relationships, establishing links between neo-liberal reforms of network infrastructures, fragmenting practices of urban development and polarizing trends within cities. This chapter contributes to the discussion of these changes through the case study of an urban redevelopment project situated in the core of the Parisian metropolis, defined as an assemblage between real estate handover strategies of railway firms and urban policies. Describing the infrastructural system, the spatial design and the area programming of Clichy Batignolles development plan, we will not observe convergent trends and pre-given relationships, but context-related processes and outcomes of urban development. Rather than a fragmenting process, this case study shows that it is the social mix, spatial continuity and eco-friendly atmosphere of the urban development that could fuel social change within this city

L’action publique urbaine transformée par les méthodes d’évaluation financière. Le cas de projets urbains en Italie

International audienc