Effects of the mediterranean diet polyphenols on cancer development

Globally, the second most common mortality reason is cancer. There are two types of risk factors for cancer: intrinsic (unmodifiable) and non-intrinsic (modifiable). Bad lifestyle behaviors are among the exogenous non-intrinsic risk factors that can be related to 30-50% of cancer development risk, among which can be counted the Western lifestyle. On the contrary, a potentially good lifestyle model to prevent cancer is the Mediterranean diet (MD), which is a plant-based nutrition model. The Mediterranean diet includes many beneficial nutrients and nutritional substances, such as dietary fibers, fatty acids, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory substances, etc. Among these beneficial substances, an important group is the one composed by polyphenols, the most common plant-synthesized secondary metabolites. Being a plant-based nutrition model, the Mediterranean diet provides many polyphenols, such as resveratrol, quercetin, phenolic acids, catechins, anthocyanins, oleocanthal, oleuropein, rosmarinic acid, gallic acid, hesperidin, naringenin, ellagic acid, etc. These substances show anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-migration, anti-angiogenic, anti-metastatic, and autophagy stimulator effects, which can potentially reduce cancer development risk, as was shown by some in vivo and in vitro studies on this topic. In this review of the literature we shed light on the effects and potential interactions between the Mediterranean diet polyphenols and cancer development

Spectral Pattern Analysis of Propofol Induced Spindle Oscillations in the Presence of Auditory Stimulations

This study’s primary objective is to analyze human EEG spindle oscillations during propofol-induced anesthesia and to address possible activation sources. Such an analysis also has a secondary role of investigating the short- term spectral patterns and their functional role

Sleep Is a Refreshing Process: An fNIRS Study

Sleep is a very critical process that constitutes up to one third of daytime of a healthy adult. It is known to be an active period where body and brain is refreshed for the next day. It is both part of a larger cycle, i.e., circadian rhythm, and has subcsycles in it, i.e., sleep stages. Although hemodynamics of these stages have been investigated especially in the last two decades, there are still points in the hemodynamics to be illuminated especially in terms of refreshment. This study aims to investigate refreshing property of sleep in terms of sleep stages using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for measuring prefrontal cortex (PFC) hemodynamics. Nine healthy subjects slept in sleep laboratories, monitored by polysomnography and fNIRS before, during, and after night sleep. REM stage had lower oxyhemoglobin (HbO) and total hemoglobin (HbT) than the other sleep stages and wakefulness. Deoxyhemoglobin (HbR) did not differ between any stages. All sleep stages and wakefulness stage at the end of the sleep had higher HbO and lower HbR than the beginning of the sleep. HbT levels did not differ between the beginning and the end of the sleep for any stages. During REM sleep, PFC seems to get lower blood supply, possibly due to increased demand in other brain regions. Regardless of the stage, PFC has higher oxygenation toward the end of sleep, indicating refreshment. Overall, our brain seems to be on duty during sleep throughout the night for “cleaning” and “refreshing” itself. Hemodynamic changes from the beginning to end of sleep might be the indicator of this work. Thus, accordingly REM stage seems to be at a central point for this work

Brain function assessment in different conscious states

Background: The study of brain functioning is a major challenge in neuroscience fields as human brain has a dynamic and ever changing information processing. Case is worsened with conditions where brain undergoes major changes in so-called different conscious states. Even though the exact definition of consciousness is a hard one, there are certain conditions where the descriptions have reached a consensus. The sleep and the anesthesia are different conditions which are separable from each other and also from wakefulness. The aim of our group has been to tackle the issue of brain functioning with setting up similar research conditions for these three conscious states.Methods: In order to achieve this goal we have designed an auditory stimulation battery with changing conditions to be recorded during a 40 channel EEG polygraph (Nuamps) session. The stimuli (modified mismatch, auditory evoked etc.) have been administered both in the operation room and the sleep lab via Embedded Interactive Stimulus Unit which was developed in our lab. The overall study has provided some results for three domains of consciousness. In order to be able to monitor the changes we have incorporated Bispectral Index Monitoring to both sleep and anesthesia conditions.Results: The first stage results have provided a basic understanding in these altered states such that auditory stimuli have been successfully processed in both light and deep sleep stages. The anesthesia provides a sudden change in brain responsiveness; therefore a dosage dependent anesthetic administration has proved to be useful. The auditory processing was exemplified targeting N1 wave, with a thorough analysis from spectrogram to sLORETA. The frequency components were observed to be shifting throughout the stages. The propofol administration and the deeper sleep stages both resulted in the decreasing of N1 component. The sLORETA revealed similar activity at BA7 in sleep (BIS 70) and target propofol concentration of 1.2 μg/mL.Conclusions: The current study utilized similar stimulation and recording system and incorporated BIS dependent values to validate a common approach to sleep and anesthesia. Accordingly the brain has a complex behavior pattern, dynamically changing its responsiveness in accordance with stimulations and states. © 2010 Ozgoren et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

The Effect of Service Quality on Patient Citizenship Behaviors: Evidence from the Health Sector

Background: Nowadays, health organizations seek to bring innovations to their services to stand out in competition with their rivals by improving service quality (SQ), encouraging patients to always make the same organizational choices, and enhance the behavior of patient citizenship. Objective: This study aims to determine the mediating role of patient satisfaction (PS), patient loyalty (PL), and employee responsiveness (ER) between the service quality and patient citizenship behaviors (PCB). Methods: In order to test the proposed hypotheses, quantitative research methods were utilized; cross-sectional data was collected using scales between December 2021 and March 2022. Results were obtained from 422 participants. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling methods, using AMOS 21. Results: SQ was found to have a significant and positive effect on PL, PS, and ER. PL, PS, and ER were found to have a significant and positive effect on PCB. The indirect effect of SQ on PCB was found to be positive. Discussion: The findings demonstrate that SQ does not directly affect or create PCB, but it is affected by the mediators in order to create PCB via satisfaction, loyalty, and employee responsiveness

Sleep Electrophysiology Via the Scope of Bispectral Index

Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate the changes in the responses to auditory stimuli, which were sorted according to the Bispectral Index (BIS) during sleep. This is the first known research study that incorporated full-scale analysis of sleep auditory evoked potentials (AEP) under the scope of BIS. Material and Methods: The measurements were conducted in twelve subjects (18-32 ages, mean: 24.5 +/- 4.1; 2 female). Recordings were done by using NuAmps 40 channel system [electroencephalography (EEG), electrooculography (EOG), and chin electromyography (EMG)], auditory stimulation unit, video and BIS monitor. Sleep data was acquired while (1500 Hz, 80 dB and 500 ms) auditory stimulations were applied into the ear channels (etymotic). The continuous EEG data were grouped according to the BIS index. In this sub-group of recordings, AEPs were analyzed. The evolution of N1, P2, N300, P450, N550 and P900 waveforms recorded from Cz electrode were investigated with regard to correlation of BIS and sleep stages. Results: The reduction of BIS values were followed by the decrease of NI component, whereas N300 and P900 components were found to be increased (Wilcoxon, p<0.05). AEPs dynamically evolved according to the changes in BIS values. The present findings support and advance the outcome of classical designs, which are based solely on the system Rechtschaffen & Kales (R&K) system. Conclusion: The present study investigated sleep states in extended number of levels with the BIS system, which provided higher time resolution. Based on the results, BIS may be suggested as a useful tool for sleep dynamic research studies also in pathological states

The Effect of Service Quality on Patient Citizenship Behaviors: Evidence from the Health Sector

Background: Nowadays, health organizations seek to bring innovations to their services to stand out in competition with their rivals by improving service quality (SQ), encouraging patients to always make the same organizational choices, and enhance the behavior of patient citizenship. Objective: This study aims to determine the mediating role of patient satisfaction (PS), patient loyalty (PL), and employee responsiveness (ER) between the service quality and patient citizenship behaviors (PCB). Methods: In order to test the proposed hypotheses, quantitative research methods were utilized; cross-sectional data was collected using scales between December 2021 and March 2022. Results were obtained from 422 participants. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling methods, using AMOS 21. Results: SQ was found to have a significant and positive effect on PL, PS, and ER. PL, PS, and ER were found to have a significant and positive effect on PCB. The indirect effect of SQ on PCB was found to be positive. Discussion: The findings demonstrate that SQ does not directly affect or create PCB, but it is affected by the mediators in order to create PCB via satisfaction, loyalty, and employee responsiveness

Electrophysiological and Bispectral Indeks Applications in REM Sleep

The goal of this study is to scrutinize the changes in electrophysiological responses to simple and complex auditory stimulations in REM sleep using Bispectral index (BIS) system besides Rechtschaffen and Kales (R&K) scoring system