Sectoral Inflow of Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Nigeria

The paper examined the sectorial inflow of Foreign Direct investment and its impact on Economic Growth in Nigeria. The main objectives of the study are to find out the impact of the sectorial inflow of FDI on Economic Growth and find out the impact of FDI on Poverty Reduction in Nigeria. The study made use of secondary data and discovered that there is a positive relationship between GDP and FDI, meaning that both FDI and GDP changes in the same direction. Also, the study discovered that in the long run, investment in the business and agric sectors can only make meaningful impact on the economy because it takes time to get back investment in these sectors. The conclusion of the study is that the major reason for the low impact of FDI on Economic Growth in the country is that FDI inflow has been towards certain sectors (oil and gas, communication, construction, e.t.c) at the expense of those sectors (agriculture, tourism, manufacturing, e.t.c) that has the greatest potential for poverty reduction and Economic Growth, so while I say FDI is good, it should be encouraged towards those neglected sectors. Keywords: FDI, Economic Growth and Sectoral Inflo

Statistical Analysis of Vehicular Registration in Lagos, Nigeria Based on Ownership and Type

This paper examined the vehicular registration in Lagos state, Nigeria between the years 1998-2015. Time series analysis was employed to analyze the data, to compute the seasonal variation and fluctuations in the number of motor vehicles that was registered between the periods of 16 years in the state. The least square method was also used in forecasting the number of vehicles that will be registered in the next 10years in the state. It was discovered that the number of private, commercial and government registered vehicles will be increased over the years. . Based on the fact of the analysis made, we were able to conclude that the rate at which vehicles were registered in Lagos – State fluctuates over the time.&nbsp

Spectrum and pattern of distribution of findings in patients with dyspepsia undergoing oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy at a Tertiary Hospital in Ibadan, south west, Nigeria

Introduction: Dyspepsia is a symptom complex with varied underlying etiologies. The underlying etiology determines the precise treatment and prognosis though Helicobacter pylori infection plays a central role. The aim of this study was to describe the spectrum and pattern of distribution of findings in patients with dyspepsia undergoing oesophago-gastroduodenoscopy at the University College Hospital, Ibadan.Methods: A retrospective analysis of computerized database patients with dyspepsia who underwent oesophago-gastro–duodenoscopy from 2015 to 2019.Results: A total of 1,373 procedures were done and dyspepsia was the indication in 736 (53.2%) comprising 317 (43.1%) male and 405 (55%) female (P< .001). The age ranged from 18 to 100 with a mean of 50 ± 15 years. The age group 40–59 years had the highest representation (P = .00). The esophageal mucosa was normal in 592 (80.4%) while 45 (6.1%) and 36 (4.9%) patients had esophagitis and esophageal candidiasis, respectively. In the stomach, 230 (31%) patients had normal mucosa while 433 (57.5%) and 40 (5.4%) patients had gastritis and gastric ulcers, respectively. Antrum was the most commonly involved site by the gastritis and ulcers in 236 (55.8%) and 24 (60%) patients, respectively. The mean age of those with non-ulcer dyspepsia was 49.8 ± 15 while that of those with organic dyspepsia was 55.7 ± 13.7 years (P= .01). Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the age group and organic dyspepsia (P = .00). The first part of the duodenum was normal in 594 (80.7%) while bulbar duodenitis was seen in 106 (14.4%).Conclusion: In our practice, OGD in patients with dyspepsia is either normal or yielded few abnormalities. The most common abnormalities were gastritis, duodenitis, esophagitis and gastric ulcers. Gastritis and ulcers were antral predominant and gastric ulcers were more common than duodenal ulcers. There was a significant relationship between increasing age and organic dyspepsia

Molecular and phenotypic characterization of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from carcass swabs and carcass drips of chickens slaughtered in the informal market in Gauteng Province, South Africa

The study was conducted to characterize Staphylococcus aureus strains from swabs and drips of dressed chicken carcasses sold at outlets in six townships in the informal market in Gauteng province, South Africa, using molecular and phenotypic methods. Seven genes (6 toxins and 1 antimicrobial resistance) comprising staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), B (SEB), C (SEC), D (SED), exfoliative toxin A, toxic shock syndrome toxin, and MecA encoding methicillin resistance were assayed using polymerase chain reaction. The resistance of the S. aureus strains to 18 antimicrobial agents was determined using the disk diffusion method. The frequency of detection of the six toxin genes was sea (52.2%), followed by seb (10.9%), sec (6.5%), sed (2.2%), eta (93.5%), and tst (19.6%). The mecA gene was detected in 4.3% of the isolates. The predominant profiles of toxin genes detected were sea‐eta (37.0%). All 63 isolates of S. aureus were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents. The frequency of resistance was high to spectinomycin (98.4%), nalidixic acid (85.7%), and penicillin (84.1%), but low to gentamycin (1.6%) and cefotaxime (1.6%). The high frequency of toxin genes and antimicrobial resistance gene observed in S. aureus isolates from chicken could pose a challenge to food safety and may have therapeutic and zoonotic implications.Appendix 1: (Supplementary data) Frequency of resistance to antimicrobial agents by S. aureus strains from carcass swabs and dripsGauteng Department of Agriculture and Rural Developmenthttp://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jfs2021-04-22hj2020Production Animal StudiesVeterinary Tropical Disease

Prevalence and risk of staphylococcal and coliform carcass contamination of chickens slaughtered in the informal market in Gauteng, South Africa

PURPOSE : The primary objective was to determine the prevalence of indicator microorganisms [Staphylococcus aureus, non-S. aureus staphylococci (NSAS), coliforms and aerobic bacteria] for contamination of chicken carcasses, carcass drip and rinse water from the informal chicken market in Gauteng, South Africa. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH : Chicken swabs, chicken drips and rinse waters were collected from 151 chickens from 47 random outlets. Pre-tested questionnaires were administered to capture the risk factors for bacterial contamination. Standard microbiological procedures were conducted for isolation and enumeration of target bacteria. FINDINGS : NSAS (64% and 41%) and S. aureus (12% and 31%) were prevalent on carcasses and in carcass drip respectively. Coliforms (62%) and aerobic bacteria (85%) were detected in rinse water. Significant risk factors for contamination of carcasses with NSAS, S. aureus and coliform organisms were: evisceration of chickens on the same location used for sale, cleaning of display counter with dirty clothes/wipes, holding of differently sourced chickens in the same cage prior to slaughter, not cleaning the display table/counter and hands at all, washing knives in rinse water, high turnover of daily slaughter and length of time to display chickens. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS : The limitations of this research were the limited geographical coverage and small sample size. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS : The isolation of these indicator microorganisms suggests the potential presence of other chicken-borne pathogens not tested for in the study. SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS : The findings serve to inform policy on public health and street-vended food and can guide control on good sanitary practices. ORIGINALITY/VALUE : This is the first comprehensive report on ready to eat chickens from the informal markets in Gauteng, South Africa.The Gauteng Department of Agricultural and Rural Development (GDARD)https://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/0007-070Xhj2021Production Animal StudiesVeterinary Tropical Disease

Globalisation, adjustment and the structural transformation of African economies?: the role of international financial institutions

Under the auspices of the World Bank and IMF, for almost two decades, sub-Saharan African countries have implemented structural adjustment, an orthodox package of economic reform measures. During this period there has been an unprecedented proliferation of technology investment and trade in the world economy. However sub-Saharan Africa has performed poorly under adjustment and has been largely marginalized from the international economy. The paper investigates the problems with the theoretical model underlying structural adjustment policies to explain why the model is not conducive to either African development or Africa’s increasing participation in the global economy. An example is used to illustrate the existence of an alternative set of policies that may be better suited for Africa

Applications of remote sensing technology in the development of West Africa : a preliminary survey

Mission report on the trends and needs for research in remote sensing applications in Sierra Leone, Ghana, and Nigeria. Examines research activities and proposals put forth by universities working in the field and the role of IDRC. Includes recommendations

Normoglycaemic, Normolipidaemic and Antioxidant Effects of Ethanolic Extract of <i>Acacia ataxacantha</i> Root in Streptozotocin - induced Diabetic Rats

The antidiabetic, normolipidaemic, antioxidant and safety evaluations of ethanolic extract of Acacia ataxacantha roots (EEAAR) were investigated in streptozotocin - induced diabetic rats, to verify its use in traditional African medicine and as alternative to synthetic normoglycaemic agents in diabetic treatments. Thirty albino rats (Rattus novergicus) were randomized into six groups - control, diabetic control, EEAAR-treated at 125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg body weights (b.wts.) and metformin groups, respectively. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoid, saponins, tannins and terpenoid. Blood glucose was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) especially after 7 days of oral administration of EEAAR at 125 mg/kg b.wt with values (110.01 ± 9.64 mg/dl) similar to that of the control (106.33 ± 4.13 mg/dl). There was an increase (p < 0.05) in the ALT and AST activities of the liver and serum of rats in all the groups except in those that received 125 mg/kg b.wt. Serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride were decreased (p < 0.05) upon administration of the extract and metformin. There was no difference (p > 0.05) in malondialdehyde concentration of rats administered with 125 mg/kg b.wt. of extract and metformin. Superoxide dismutase activity was elevated (p < 0.05) in all groups and compared favourably with the control in each of the tissues. This study revealed the antidiabetic and hypolipidaemic effects of EEAAR, which may be due to the antioxidant properties of some of the phytochemical constituents. However, the extract may not be safe at large and repeated doses