INVESTIGATION OF CARBON (II) OXIDE POLLUTION IN SEVEN STATIONS OF NIGERIA THROUGH REMOTE SENSING

A growing concern in our world today is air pollution. Carbon (II) Oxide, an air pollutant has been reported to contribute to a large number of poisoning deaths. The magnitude of the health hazard due to carbon (II) Oxide, both fatal and non-fatal, is huge and poisonings are probably more prevalent than is generally recognised. The aim of this study was to determine the level of human exposure to Carbon (II) Oxide and also to identify the major source of Carbon (II) Oxide emission within the study areas, using MOPITT (measurement of pollution in the troposphere) satellite. Carbon (II) Oxide was measured at seven environmentally different sites viz; Lagos, Port-Harcourt, Ibadan, Akwa-Ibom, Sokoto, Kano, and Abuja. From these measurements, the effect of varying levels of Carbon (II) Oxide at different environments was analyzed. Ambient Carbon (II) oxide at these sites, their monthly variation, average annual variation, seasonal variation was outlined respectively. This study revealed that Lagos has the highest ambient Carbon (II) Oxide (3.00842 ppm), followed by Port-Harcourt (3.00175 ppm), Uyo (2.85 ppm), Ibadan (2.83 ppm), Abuja (2.68 ppm), Kano (2.31 ppm), and Sokoto (2.28 ppm) in descending order. The results shows the characteristic Carbon (II) Oxide levels encountered at different environmental locations, their response to traffic and the anthropogenic activity that affects Carbon (II) Oxide levels

Application of Shallow Seismic Refraction Method and Geotechnical Parameters in Site Characterization of a Reclaimed Land

The recent incessant cases of building collapse have made it necessary for building site to be characterized before they are developed especially when the land is reclaimed from water bodies. On the basis of the above, both geophysical and geotechnical methods are engaged to determine the subsurface structure of a land for construction purposes. In this research effort, near surface seismic refraction method together with relevant geotechnical methods were used to characterize the subsurface condition of the study site. Nine seismic refraction profiles were surveyed with some of the profiles laid parallel and some others overlain one another. The result of this study revealed three geologic layers in the site with varying geotechnical parameters. The Young’s modulus, bulk modulus and shear modulus all have values that ranges from 0.071-25.685, 0.083-30.042 and 0.0286-10.395 GPa respectively in the site. From these results, it can be concluded the third layer having the highest value of geotechnical parameters is the most competent and this layer is between 7.5 m and 18 m into the subsurface. The information obtained from other geotechnical methods in the site confirmed the results of this study. Thus, near surface seismic refraction method is recommended for a non-invasive, non-cumbersome and reliable site characterizatio

Application of Geophysical and Geotechnical Methods to Determine the Geotechnical Characteristics of a Reclaimed Land

Near-surface seismic refraction method and electrical resistivity methods were used to characterise the subsurface of a site reclaimed from water bodies, in order to determine the depth to the most competent layer for construction purposes. Nine seismic refraction profiles were surveyed and the data was interpreted using SeisImager software package. Also, twelve vertical electrical soundings were carried out and the acquired data was interpreted using WinResist computer package. The seismic refraction method delineated three layers while the electrical resistivity method revealed between four and five geoelectric layers. The result of the seismic refraction method showed that the third layer is the most competent layer having the highest elastic moduli. Furthermore, the resistivity method revealed that the third geoelectric layer is the most competent having resistivity ranging between 23.3 and 1107.2m . It was also discovered that the depth to the most competent layer is between 7 m and 18 m in the subsurface. It was concluded that piling will be the most appropriate foundation for any building in the study area

Radionuclides proportion and radiological risk assessment of soil samples collected in Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria

The activity levels of 238U, 232Th and 40K in soil surrounding major office complexes in Covenant University were analyzed for radiological hazards to determine the safety of the residents in such environment. Sixteen (16) soil samples were collected, prepared and sent to Acme laboratory in Canada for analysis with the use of high purity germanium detector. The mean activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K were found to be 45?±?10, 135?±?8 and 195?±?20 respectively. The concentrations of 238U and 232Th were found to be higher than the world recommended standard of 35 and 30, while the result for 40K was noted to be lower than the world safe limit. The average values of Raeq, D, AED, Iyr, Hex and ELCR in this study were estimated to be 252.33?Bq/kg, 110.15 nGy/h, 0.13 mSv/y, 1.78, 0.68 and 0.47?×?10-3 respectively. It was noticed that none of the measured parameters was higher than the internationally recommended safe limits. 232Th was found to be the major contributor to the environmental radionuclides in the area of study. Therefore, the inhabitants of the office complexes whose environment was assessed are considered not be exposed to any radiological hazards

Carcinogenic Risk of Arsenic (As) in Groundwater and Bottled Water Samples in Covenant University and Canaanland, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria

This study was conducted in order to estimate the carcinogenic risk of heavy metals exposure via the consumption of groundwater and bottled water for the population of Covenant University and Canaanland, Ota, Ogun state using Perkin Elmer Optima 8000 ICP-OES. The chronic daily intake (CDI) in all the samples ranged from 0.005 and and 0.014¹gL¡1kg¡1d¡1which was found to be negligible of potential risk on the inhabitants of different age groups. The carcinogenic Risk (R) for all the samples ranged between 0.01 and 0.025 ¹gL¡1d¡1. The R for all the age groups was found to be less than the acceptable level of EPA. The highest carcinogenic risk in Arsenic was found in children, which could be attributed to their lower body weight. However, all the values measured were observed to be below the recommended level by USEPA and WHO respectively

GEOPHYSICAL AND GEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A RECLAIMED LAND FOR CONSTRUCTION PURPOSES IN LAGOS NIGERIA(A CASE STUDY)

Near-surface seismic refraction and electrical resistivity methods were used to characterise the subsurface condition of a site reclaimed from water bodies in order to determine its competence for construction purposes. Nine seismic refraction profiles were acquired and the results were interpreted using SeisIma ger software. Also, twelve vertical electrical soundings were conducted and the acquired data were interpreted using WinResist computer package. Four-five geoelectric layers were delineated and the resistivity values obtained ranges between 23.3 and 1705.1 m . The result of the resistivity method showed that the third layer is the most competent layer in the study area. The depth of this layer is between 7.5 m and 51 m in the subsurface. In a related development, three layers were delineated by the seismic refraction method and the third layer which is between 7 m and 18 m, may be the most competent because it had the highest engineering parameters. The Young modulus of the competent layer at this site ranges between 1.558 and 25.106 GPa and bulk modulus ranges from 0.999 to 16.093 GPa , it was also noted that the shear modulus ranges between 0.638 and 10.123 GPa . There is an agreement in the results of the two methods of investigation. Therefore, it was recommended that some form of arrangement must be made to transfer the load from the civil engineering construction to the most competent layer underneath so as to avoid building failure

Radioactivity And Radiological Impact Assessment In Ota-Dumping Site, Ogun State, Nigeria

Background radiation levels and distributed radionuclides in Ota-dumping site were conducted in different stations to determine the concentrations of natural radionuclides and their possible radiological effects. The external gamma absorbed dose rate and concentration of radionuclides in the area were measured using portable hand-held plastic scintillometer (RS-125 Radiation detector). The activity concentrations vary from 2.47 ± 0.3 to 25.01 ± 1.0 BqK-1, 12.49 ± 0.8 to 105.97 ± 0.6 BqK-1 and 15.65 ± 0.2 to 46.95 ± 0.2 BqK-1 for 238U, 232Th and 40K respectively. The highest activity value of 238U, 232Th and 40K reported in stations 11, 12 and 7 respectively. The absorbed gamma dose rates exposed to people in the area varies from 12.65 ± 2.2 to 44.45 ± 6.6 nGry-1 with the highest value of 44.45 ± 6.6 nGry-1 noted 50 m away from the site at station 12. This could be attributed to the effect of geological features and dose rates from the dumping site tilted towards the Northeast Southwest. The annual effective dose, radium equivalent activity and external hazard index exposed to people in the area are 0.055 mSvy-1, 52.22 ± 0.6 BqK-1 and 0.4 respectively. All the values of radiological risks are within the recommended level by [18], but suggest that the inhabitants residing south western (SW) part of area should adjust if possible 500 m away from the dump-site to avoid long term accumulation which could pose cancer risk