Proximate composition and sensory analysis of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) harvested from different sources in Ondo State, Nigeria

Proximate composition and sensory evaluation of Africa catfish Clarias gariepinus harvested from earthen ponds, reservoir system, tank flow - through system and Flow Rivers were determined. Chemical assessment was based on the method of analysis of the Association of Official Analysis (AOAC). The samples collected shows moisture content 71.71~c1.65%, 74.20~c1.39, 73.60~c2.3% and 72.29~c68% from earthen ponds, reservoirs, and tank flow- through system and rivers respectively. The crude protein 9.77~c2.66%, 20.99~c0.68, 19.80~c0.53% and 18.84~c1.00% from earthen ponds, reservoir system, tank flow- through system and rivers respectively. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) among the means recorded and the locations where the fish samples were collected has no effect on the value of the moisture and the crude protein content of the fish samples when compared. Crude fat contents 5. 68~c0. 81 %, 4.95~c0.38%, 3.85~c0.56% and 1.35~c0. 29%from reservoir system, low through system, earthen ponds, and rivers respectively. Ash content of the fish samples were 1.52~c0.40%, 1.49~c0.40%, 2.23~c0.91 % and 1.47~c0. 60% from earthen ponds, reservoir system, tank flow- through system and rivers respectively. There was a significant difference (p <0.05) among the means of the crude fat contents and ash contents. The location where the fish samples were collected influenced the means of the ash content and the crude fat contents. The taste, odour, appearance and texture were the indices for the evaluation. Fish from rivers were most preferred followed by earthen ponds, reservoirs system and tank flow- through system respectively

RELEVANCE OF BILINGUALISM IN ADULT LEARNERS’ ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA

The general English studies was introduced as a compulsory course for sandwich learners of colleges of education with a view to allowing them attain proficiency in English. Despite the measure, it seems attainment of proficiency is a mirage. Unattainment of English proficiency in sandwich program has been ascribed to less satisfactory teaching skill embracing language competence and pedagogy. However, there has been a dearth of studies on the teaching method of facilitators of the course. This paper therefore, has a focus on the relevance of bilingualism, in English Language development in the sandwich centers. Pretest and posttest control group as quasi-experimental design with 3X2X2 factorial matrix was adopted for the study. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and multiple classification analysis. Bilingual method of teaching was ascertained as having an upper hand over Direct and conventional method with a mean score of 67.54. Bilingualism therefore proved relevant to the teaching of General English Studies to the Adult learners. The paper concludes that facilitators should recognize the learners' mother tongue in the learning of English. This would stimulate learners' interest, accelerate their understanding, and ensure effective class-contact needed in adult education teaching-learning process

Effect of agrowastes, pH and temperature variation on the growth ofVolvariella volvacea

The effect of pH and temperature variations on the growth of Volvariella volvacea cultivated on various agricultural wastes singly and in various combinations was studied. A pH range of 5.5 to 8.5 recorded the maximum mycelia yield and the highest mycelia weight was recorded at pH 6.5. The mycelia yield decreased at pH above 6.5 while poor mycelia growth of the mushroom and the least mycelia weight was recorded at pH 2.0. High mycelia growth of the mushroom was also observed between 25&deg;C and 30&deg;C with the highest mycelia dry weight of 80.0 mg obtained at 30&deg;C, and the least mycelia dry weight of 0.5 mg obtained at 10&deg;C . The use of these wastes in mushroom cultivation enhances the biological recycling of nutrients

Effects of freezing on the proximate composition and sensory quality of stored African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

The objective of this study was to determine the quality deterioration of African catfish Clarias gariepinus and Tilapia, Orechromis niloticus stored at-4~'C for 8 weeks. Weekly analysis was conducted to measure protein, moisture, crude fat and ash content and evaluation of the sensory quality. The result clearly reveals that during storage, both the samples showed a highly significant (p<0.05) decreasing trend in protein, lipid, ash and moisture content. The result shows that protein, moisture, fat and ash content of the fish samples decreases with increasing duration of frozen storage. The fresh samples has the highest value of protein, moisture, fat and ash content while the least value was recorded on the 8th week. 19.98 ~c 2.66%, 80.71 ~c 1.65%, 3.92 ~c 0.5% and 2.52 ~c were recorded for freshly prepared Clarias gariepinus respectively while 12.62 ~c 1.22%, 66.86 ~c 0.68%, 1.08 ~c 1.04% and 1.14 ~c 0.33% were recorded on the 8th week respectively. 20.80 ~c 1.46, 60.75 ~c 2.50, 9.75 ~c 2.50% and 5.85 ~c 2.51% were recorded for freshly prepared Oreochromis niloticus respectively while 25.05 ~c 2.20%, 47.60 ~c 2. 15%, 7.1 ~c 0.20 and 3.00 ~c 2.10% were recorded on the 8th week respectively. After 8 weeks, the total decrease was 7.36%, 13.85%, 2.84% and 1.38% respectively for Clarias gariepinus and 3.75%, 13.45%, 2.65% and 2.85% respectively for Oreochromis niloticus. Sensory evaluation of the fish samples revealed that quality, texture, colour, odour, aroma and taste decrease with increasing duration of storage and best quality obtained when freshly prepared

Physicochemical and sensory qualities of spiced soy-corn milk

Soy-corn milk type was produced from a blend of soybean milk and corn milk extract at a ratio of 3:1. The soy-corn milk type was spiced with ginger and garlic extract respectively to improve the taste. Total dissolved solid (TDS), total titrable acidity (TTA) specific gravity (SG), apparent colloidal stability, pH and sensory evaluation of the spiced soy-corn milk type were determined. The results show that the specific gravity of all milk types was not significantly (P&gt;0.05) different from each other. The spiced milk types were relatively stable under refrigerated condition for 72 h while corn milk, soy-corn milk was not stable even under refrigeration. There was no significant (P&gt;0.05) difference in the pH of the milk type at preparation and the value ranged between 6.8 and 6.5. The spiced milk types became more acidic after 24 h. Spicing improved the colloidal stability of the soy-corn milk type and its acceptability to the consumer, but has no significant difference (P&gt;0.05) on the other physicochemical properties investigated.Keywords: Corn milk, soybean milk, soy-corn milk, colloidal stabilityAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(17), pp. 2262-226

Antimicrobial activities of Vernonia tenoreana

The antimicrobial activity of Vernonia tenoreana was investigated. Crude extracts and solvent fractions of the leaf and bark of V. tenoreana were obtained using methanol and distilled water (2:3, v:v),ethylacetate, chloroform, and n-hexane as solvents of extraction. The crude and solvent fractions showed broad spectrum activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillussubtilis, B. cereus, Shigella dysenteriae, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris, with zones of inhibition ranging from 1.7 to 18.3 mm. The leaf extracts showed betterantimicrobial activities, as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for most of the isolates was 10 mg/ml with a least value of 5 mg/ml recorded for P. aeruginosa (NCIB 950). On the contrary, inthe case of bark extract, 15 mg/ml was the MIC value recorded for most of the test isolates with the least value of 10 mg/ml recorded for S. aureus, B. subtilis, and K. pneumoniae. Out of all the solventfractions, the chloroform fractions exhibited the highest antimicrobial activities. The bark extracts exercised antifungal activities against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and A. flavus, while the leafextract was inactive against all the fungal isolates. Phytochemical constituents revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, and anthraquinones in the bark extracts, while, tannins, anthraquinones, andcardenolides were present in the leaf extract

Safety and protective effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei used as probiotic agent in vivo

The protective effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei, isolated from fresh cow milk, was studied in vivo. Toxicological data of rat serum revealed that the Lactobacillus isolates had liver improvement functions. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities of the rats dosed with Lactobacillus isolates alone were lower (15.50 and 18.27 iu/l) than the control. There was a reduction in the count of enterobacteria in rats dosed with L. casei after 3 days of feeding trials. Protection of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) by these isolates was also observed. Histopathological data confirmed partial protection of the GIT in rats dosed with Lactobacillus isolates and simultaneously infected with Escherichia coli. L. casei was generally observed to have a better effect than L. acidophilus in terms of liver function improvement, anticholesterolaemic effect, and reduction of enterobacteria in the GIT. Key words: Probiotic, protection, Lactobacillus African Journal of Biotechnology Vol.2(11) 2003: 448-45

Epidemiology and Treatment Options for COVID-19: A Review

The Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in Wuhan, China and spread around the world. As of 19 June 2020 data from the World Health Organization (WHO) have shown that more than 8457305 confirmed cases have been identified in more than 200 countries, with the number of cases cutting across all continents. On 30th January 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 as the sixth public health emergency of international concern. Genomic analysis revealed that SARS-CoV-2 is phylogenetically related to severe acute respiratory syndrome-like (SARS-like) bat viruses; therefore, bats could be the possible primary reservoir. The intermediate source of origin and transfer to humans is not known, however, the rapidhuman-to-human transfer has been confirmed widely via droplets or direct contact, and infection has been estimated to have mean incubation period of 6.4 days. Currently, controlling infection to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is the primary intervention being used. However, public health authorities should keep monitoring the situation closely, as the more we can learn about this novel virus and its associated outbreak, the better we can respond.&nbsp; Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, China, Phylogenetic, Genomic analysis, Remdesivir Le COVID-19 est une nouvelle maladie mortelle avec des informations limitées sur sa transmissibilité, la gravité de ses séquelles, ses manifestations cliniques et l'épidémiologie. Ce commentaire a analysé l'épidémiologie mondiale du COVID-19 parmi la population vulnérable. L'analyse a révélé que la plupart des cas pédiatriques de COVID-19 ne sont pas graves, mais que des maladies graves associées surviennent toujours chez les enfants. Tous les âges des enfants sont sensibles au COVID-19 et aucune différence significative entre les sexes n'existe. L'infection au COVID-19 pendant la grossesse a eu des conséquences fatales pour les mères, mais moins risquées pour le bébé. Les groupes de points chauds pour le COVID-19 sont les prisons / prisons, les maisons de soins infirmiers / de groupe et les établissements à long terme où résident la plupart des populations vulnérables. Les groupes ethniques minoritaires aux États-Unis et au Royaume-Uni sont exposés de manière disproportionnée à l'infection au COVID-19 et à la mort que les Caucasiens. La différence peut être due au fait que les minorités ethniques sont exposées à des risques plus élevés au travail et aux disparités structurelles économiques et sanitaires de longue date dans les deux pays. Il y a maintenant des changements dans les lignes directrices sur les personnes qualifiées pour recevoir des ventilateurs dans des situations difficiles dans de nombreux pays du monde si le système de santé est débordé.&nbsp; Mots-clés: COVID-19, épidémiologie, population vulnérabl