Neoraudiol, a new isoflavonoid and other antimicrobial constituents from the tuberous root of Neorautanenia mitis (A. Rich) Verdcourt

AbstractA bioassay-directed fractionation of n-hexane and chloroform extracts of the tuberous roots of Neorautanenia mitis resulted in the isolation of a new isoflavonoid, named neoraudiol (1) and five known compounds: rautandiol A (2), neoduline (3), neotenone (4), pachyrrhizine (5) and 12a-hydroxylrotenone (6). The structure of the new compound was established on the basis of spectroscopic studies and comparison with known compounds. Isolated compounds exhibited broad spectrum antimicrobial activity ranging from 15 to 80mg/ml, the most significant activity (MIC15.10±0.5mg/ml) was exhibited by neoraudiol. Structure–activity relationship is described

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the seed oil of Entandrophragma angolense (Welw) C.DC

The seed of Entandrophragma angolense yielded 59% oil (w/w) on extraction with n-hexane. Methylation and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the methylated seed oil of E. angolense gave 11-octadecanoic acid methyl ester as major component (43.2%). Other fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) detected were hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, ricinoleic acid methyl ester, stearic acid methyl ester and eicosadienoic acid methyl ester. Preliminary antimicrobial evaluation of this seed oil showed activity against Salmonella gallinallum and Klebseilla pneumonia

Spasmolytic Activity of Methyl Angolensate: A Triterpenoid Isolated from \u3cem\u3eEntandrophragma angolense\u3c/em\u3e

Entandrophragma angolense is a medicinal plant used in folk medicine against several diseases including peptic ulcer. Methyl angolensate was isolated from E. angolense by recrystallization from methanol. The needlelike crystals were characterized and tested on isolated rabbit jejunum, guinea pig ileum and the rat fundus strip. The compound was also evaluated on the gastrointestinal transit in mice. The results showed that the compound exerted significant concentration dependent inhibition of smooth muscle and reduced the propulsive action of the gastrointestinal tract in mice. The relaxation observed did not attenuate acetylcholine and histamine induced contractions, but was found to inhibit contractions induced by serotonin. It is therefore suggested that methyl angolensate may exert its activity on gastrointestinal smooth muscle via serotonergic mechanisms

Chemical constituents and antimycobacterial studies of the leaf extracts of Pavetta crassipes K. Schum

Six known compounds; β-sitosterol, ursolic acid, methyl chlorogenate, ethyl chlorogenate, rutin and mannitol were isolated from the leaf extracts of Pavetta crassipes (Rubiaceae), a Nigerian medicinal plant used in the indigenous treatment of tuberculosis. Separation and isolation of the compounds were achieved by chromatographic techniques and the structures of isolated compounds were established by spectroscopic and chemical methods. The isolated compounds were screened for antimycobacterial activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv employing the green fluorescence protein reporter microplate assay and the broth microdilution method. Ursolic acid, methyl chlorogenate and ethyl chlorogenate were found moderately active in the broth microdilution assay with MICs of 200, 100 and 50 µg/ml, respectively while methyl chlorogenate and ethyl chlorogenate were active in the protein reporter microplate assay with MICs of 200 and 100 µg ml-1, respectively. The presence of antimycobacterial terpenoids and quinate esters in leaves of Pavetta crassipes provides scientific evidence for the ethnomedicinal use of the plant as a traditional anti-tuberculosis remedy

Orofacial cancers: pattern and management in Ibadan, Nigeria

Background: Orofacial cancers remain a significant health burden globally, especially in the developing countries where the incidence is higher and appears to be increasing. This study aims to document the pattern, management and survivorship of patients with orofacial cancers as seen at a tertiary healthcare facilityin Nigeria.Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients who presented at our centre with orofacial cancers in the period between January 2010 and December. Patients' demographics, location of lesion, histopathological diagnosis, treatment given and follow-up events were extracted from the records. Patient with insufficient data for analysis were excluded. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS version 21.Results: 21,090 patients were seen during the study period and 228 of the 1,029 biopsies done were malignant. The study included 213 patients (121 males and 92 females. mean age 48.2 years) with orofacial cancers. The commonest sites were the jaws (48.8%), palate (13.1%) and the tongue (7.5%).Carcinomas constituted 71.8% and were the commonest malignancies. All patients presented in stages III (34.6%) or IV (65.4%). 39.4% of patients  had no treatment instituted and surgery alone (21.9%) was the commonest treatment provided. The mean interval between treatment and recurrence was 3.0 months while mean expiration period was 13.5 months.Conclusion: Treatment conferred a higher probability of survival. Patients treated with surgery (and radiotherapy/chemotherapy) survived better than those treated non-aggressively. In general, about a third (30.8%) of orofacial cancer patients were alive at 5 years post presentation and about 50% of these survivors were living with the disease.Keywords: Orofacial cancer; outcome; survival; Nigeri