Efficiency comparison of different DC-DC converter architectures for a power supply of a LiDAR system

LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) is a technology used to meas-ure distances to objects. Internally, a LiDAR system is constituted by several components, including a power supply, which is responsible to provide the dis-tinct voltage levels necessary for all the components. In this context, this paper presents an efficiency comparison of three different DC-DC converter architec-tures for a LiDAR system, each one composed of three DC-DC converters: in parallel; in cascade; and hybrid (mix of parallel and cascade). The topology of the adopted integrated DC-DC converters is the synchronous buck Switched-Mode Power Supply (SMPS), which is a modified version of the basic buck SMPS topology. Three distinct SMPSs were considered: LM5146-Q1, LM5116, and TPS548A20RVER. These SMPSs were selected according to the require-ments of voltage levels, namely, 12 V, 5 V, and 3.3 V. Along the paper, the prin-ciple of operation of the SMPSs is presented, as well as the evaluation results obtained for different operating powers, allowing to establish a comprehensive efficiency comparison.This work has been supported by national funds through FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UIDB/00319/2020, and also European Structural and Investment Funds in the FEDER component, through the Operational Competitiveness and Internationalization Programme (COMPETE 2020) [Project nº 037902; Funding Reference: POCI-01-0247-FEDER-037902]

Management of advanced sinonasal non-malignant oncocytic papilloma with endoscopic resection and volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAR). Case report

Oncocytic papiloma (OP) is a rare neoplasm of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. It is the least common histological subtype of sinonasal papilloma. OP is regarded as a benign tumor like inverted papilloma (IP), but its biological behavior is not so benign due to its aggressive local growth, the high rate of recurrences and the risk of malignant transformation with associated carcinoma. Endoscopic resection is the treatment of choice for OP. No relevant reports on the use of radiotherapy are known in patients with OP with advanced disease or extrasinonasal extension without associated malignancy, although its application in advanced IP has been successfull. We report a case of unilateral left OP with advanced disease that involved lateral nasal wall, maxillary, ethmoidal and frontal sinus on the same side, treated with volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy

Recurrent and bilateral inverted sinonasal papilloma with intraorbital and intracranial extension. A case report

Inverted papilloma (IP) is a relatively rare neoplasm of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Although it is considered a benign tumor, its biological behavior is not so benign because of local aggressive growth, high recurrence rate, and risk of malignant transformation with associated carcinoma. Therefore, it requires complete surgical removal and long term postoperative follow-up. Bilateral IP is unusual and even more so when associated with simultaneous intra-orbital and intra-cranial extensions. These extremely aggressive behaviors have been separately reported in the literature, especially in recurrent cases. Report of cases with bilateral and multifocal involvement without malignancy has been exceptional. Surgical management in these cases includes an endonasal endoscopic approach combined with external approaches, either conventional or endoscopic minitrepanation. Intensity modulated radiation therapy can be useful in patients with incompletely resected disease. A case of this rare disease is reported

Tratamiento combinado del papiloma nasosinusal avanzado, con resección endoscópica y técnicas emergentes de radioterapia

Introducción: Los papilomas rinosinusales sontumores benignos poco frecuentes de comportamientolocalmente agresivo, altamente recidivantes y quepueden asociarse con malignización. La resecciónquirúrgica es el tratamiento de elección. En casossin malignidad histológica asociada, la radioterapiaha sido utilizada excepcionalmente. Objetivos:Evaluar resultados clínicos obtenidos con eltratamiento combinado de resección endoscópica ytécnicas emergentes de radioterapia, en pacientes conpapilomas rinosinusales biológicamente agresivos.Método: Estudio retrospectivo en 15 pacientes conpapilomas rinosinusales avanzado, con extensiónextra-nasosinusal y sin malignización histológicaasociada, tratados entre el 1 de junio 2006 y el 1 deagosto 2016. Se evaluaron sexo, edad y característicasclínicas, origen anatómico y compromiso extranasosinusal,abordaje quirúrgico practicado,histopatología, protocolo de técnicas emergentesde radioterapia utilizado, seguimiento y resultados.Resultados: La edad promedio de los pacientes fuede 67,5 años. El 80 % (n=13) del sexo masculino y20 % (n=3) del sexo femenino. 60 % fueron tumoresrecurrentes y 40 % (n=6) presentaron enfermedadprimaria. 93,3 % (n=14) de los tumores tratadostuvieron histología de papiloma invertido (PI) y 6,7.%(n=1) de papiloma oncocítico (PO). 53,3 % (n=8)presentó enfermedad con extensión orbitaria, 40 %(n=6) presentó extensión a base de cráneo y en 6,7.%(n=1) el compromiso fue orbitario, intracraneal y apartes blandas de la región naso-facial. Todos lospacientes fueron tratados con resección endoscópicay técnicas emergentes de radioterapia posoperatoria.Conclusión: La resección endoscópica asociada alas técnicas emergentes de radioterapia es de granutilidad en el manejo de pacientes con PI y PO concomportamiento agresivo, sin malignización asociaday extensión extra-nasosinusal.Palabras clave: Papiloma Invertido. Papilomaoncocítico. Cirugía endoscópica. Técnicas emergentesde radioterapiaSUMMARYIntroduction: Sinonasal Papillomas are rare benigntumors with locally aggressive behavior and may beassociated with malignancy. Surgical resection isthe treatment of choice. In cases without histologicmalignancy associated, radiotherapy has been usedexceptionally. Objectives: To evaluate clinicaloutcomes with combination therapy with endoscopicresection and Emerging Radiotherapy Techniquesin patients with Sinonasal Papillomas biologicallyaggressive. Methods: A retrospective study in15 patients with advanced Sinonasal Papillomas,with extra-sinonasal extension without associatedhistological malignancy, treated from June 1/2006 toAugust 1/2016. Sex, age, clinical features, anatomicalorigin, extrasinonasal involvement, surgical approach,histopathology, Emerging Radiotherapy Techniquesprotocol used, monitoring and results were evaluated.Results: The average age of patients was 67.5 years.80 % (n = 13) were males and 20 % (n = 3) werefemales. 60 % had recurrent tumors and 40 % (n =6) had primary disease. 93.3 % (n = 14) of treatedtumors had inverted papilloma histology (PI) and 6.7 %(n = 1) Oncocytic Papilloma (OP). 53.3 % of patients(n = 8) had disease with orbital extension, 40 % (n =6) had extension to the skull base and in 6.7 % (n =1) the involvement included orbital, intracranial andnaso-facial soft tissue. All patients were approachedendoscopically with resection of the greatest amountof tumor possible. All these patients were treated withpost operative Emerging Radiotherapy Techniques.Conclusion: Endoscopic resection associated with Emerging Radiotherapy Techniques is useful in themanagement of patients with IP and OP with aggressivebehavior, without associated malignancy and extrasinonasalextension.Key words: Inverted Papilloma. Oncocitic Papilloma.Endoscopic Surgery. Emerging radiotherapytechnique