Glycemic control among diabetic patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.Peer reviewe

Evaluations of knowledge, skills and practices of insulin storage and injection handling techniques of diabetic patients in Ethiopian primary hospitals

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Assessment of community pharmacy professionals’ knowledge and counseling skills achievement towards headache management : a cross-sectional and simulated-client based mixed study

We would like to thank the study participants for their valuable information and time.Peer reviewe

Glycemic control among diabetic patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

IntroductionEthiopia recorded the highest numbers of people with diabetes in Africa. It is not uncommon for diabetic patients to have poor glycemic control leading to a number of complications. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the level of glycemic control among diabetic patients in Ethiopia by combining the studies from the existing literature.Materials and methodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was employed to plan and conduct this review. A comprehensive electronic-based literature search was conducted in the databases of MEDLINE, HINARI, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, and SCIENCEDIRECT. Open meta-analyst software was used to perform meta-analyses. Proportions of good glycemic control among diabetic patients was calculated. Odds ratio was also calculated to check the presence of statistically significant difference in glycemic control among patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.ResultsA total of 22 studies were included in the final analysis. Meta-analysis of 16 studies showed that only one-third of patients [34.4% (95% CI: 27.9%-40.9%), pConclusionHigh proportion of diabetic patients were unable to achieve good glycemic control. There was no difference in glycemic control among type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients

A cross sectional study on beliefs and roles of community pharmacy professionals in preventing and managing metabolic syndrome in an Ethiopian setting.

IntroductionMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of cardiovascular risk factors, and its prevalence is becoming alarmingly high in Ethiopia. Studies uncovered as community pharmacy professionals (CPPs) have not yet well integrated into public health programs and priorities. In low income setting like Ethiopia, evidence regarding the roles CPPs in preventing and management of MetS is dearth.ObjectiveThe study was aimed to assess community pharmacy professionals'(CPPs) opinions about metabolic syndrome, describe their perception level towards the effectiveness of the main interventions and explore their extent of involvement in counseling patients with the metabolic syndrome in Gondar town, Northwestern Ethiopia.MethodA descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among pharmacists and druggists working in community medication retail outlets (CMROs) in Gondar town, northwestern Ethiopia from April 1 to May 31, 2019. Data were collected using a self-administered pre-tested questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize different variables, and presented in tables and figure. An independent t-test and one way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) were used to compare mean scores. A 5% level of significance was used.ResultOut of the 75 CPPs approached, 65(40 pharmacists and 25 druggists) completed the survey giving a response rate of 86.7%. Smoking cessation practice was identified to be low. There were a statistically significant difference (t = 2.144, P = 0.036) in the involvement towards counseling patients between CPPs who claimed to work in pharmacy (mean = 3.96 out of 5 points Likert scale) and drug stores (mean = 3.80 out of 5 points Likert scale).ConclusionThe study concluded that the overall involvement of professionals in counseling patients, opinion about metabolic syndrome, and perception towards the effectiveness of the intervention was found to be more or less positive. However, the provision of services, such as monitoring therapy, selling equipment for home blood pressure and glucose monitoring and documenting patient care services needs to be encouraged. Given proper education and training, the current study hope that community pharmacists could be an important front-line contributors to contain this emerging epidemic in Gondar town as well as in the entire nation

Comparison of blood glucose levels between NPH and premixed insulin regimens.

Comparison of blood glucose levels between NPH and premixed insulin regimens.</p

Association of NPH and premixed insulin and other predicted variables with hypoglycemia.

Association of NPH and premixed insulin and other predicted variables with hypoglycemia.</p

Socio-demographic and baseline clinical characteristics of inulin-initiated T2DM patients at UoGCSH from 2015 to 2020 (N = 405).

Socio-demographic and baseline clinical characteristics of inulin-initiated T2DM patients at UoGCSH from 2015 to 2020 (N = 405).</p

Association of NPH and premixed insulin and other predicted variables with glycemic control.

Association of NPH and premixed insulin and other predicted variables with glycemic control.</p

The distribution of medications in NPH and premixed insulin-initiated T2DM patients.

The distribution of medications in NPH and premixed insulin-initiated T2DM patients.</p