Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among apparently healthy University Students

No Abstrac

Incidence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Wounds of Patients at Specialist Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria

Background:   Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen causing varieties of mild to life threatening community and hospital on-set infections. This study was carried out to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wounds of patients at a tertiary healthcare facility in Sokoto, Nigeria. Methods:  All wound swabs obtained from patients with wound infections during the study period were cultured on mannitol salt agar media. The isolates were identified using standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out on the identified isolates using the modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) test was carried out using Oxacillin agar screen test as described by Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI, 2016). Results:     A total of twenty (20) Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from thirty-eight (38) wound specimens investigated. Out of which, five (25.0%) were found to be MRSA. The isolates were resistant to most of the antibiotics tested and susceptible only to Gentamicin (85%), Norfloxacin (80%) and Amoxiclav (50%). Conclusion:    The high incidence of Staphylococcus aureus isolates resistant to the commonly used antibiotics in the hospital calls for urgent need to put in place measures to curtail the spread of MRSA infections in the hospital

A meta-meta-analysis of co-infection, secondary infections, and antimicrobial resistance in COVID-19 patients

The newly discovered coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has sparked a worldwide pandemic of COVID-19, which has caused havoc on medical infrastructures, economies, and cultures around the world. Determining the whole scenario is essential since SARS-CoV-2 variants and sub-variants keep appearing after vaccinations and booster doses. The objective of this secondary meta-analysis is to analysis co-infection, secondary infections, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in COVID-19 patients. This study used five significant databases to conduct a systematic review and an overlap meta-analysis to evaluate the pooled estimates of co-infections and secondary infections. The summary of the meta-analysis showed an overall co-infection effect of 26.19% (95% confidence intervals CI: 21.39–31.01, I2 =98.78, n = 14 meta-analysis) among patients with COVID-19. A coinfection effect of 11.13% (95% CI: 9.7–12.56, I2 =99.14, n = 11 meta-analysis) for bacteria; 9.69% (95% CI: 1.21–7.90, I2 =98.33) for fungal and 3.48% (95% CI: 2.15–4.81, I2 =95.84) for viruses. A secondary infection effect of 19.03% (95% CI: 9.53–28.54, I2 =85.65) was pooled from 2 meta-analyses (Ave: 82 primary studies). This is the first study that compiles the results of all the previous three years meta-analyses into a single source and offers strong proof of co-infections and secondary infections in COVID-19 patients. Early detection of co-infection and AMR is crucial for COVID-19 patients in order to effective treatment