Chlamydia and Vaginitis in Sexually Active Females: Classical Identification Methods for Effective Control

Laboratory diagnosis of Chlamydia and vaginitis in sexually active females has been limited by unavailability of a sequential method/rapid technique for simple diagnosis. Six hundred (600) adult females from hotel/brothel, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Clinic, Obstetrics/Gynaecology Clinic, Family Planning Clinic and Healthy controls were investigated for Chlamydia, Candida, trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis (BV). This was done using microscopy: wet mount, stained vaginal secretion and stained smear after culture. Results showed that there were 72% infections in the female groups. The brothel and STI group had infection in the range (70-86%). Chlamydial infection was highest in the STI group while Candida infection was highest in the healthy (control) females. Bacterial vaginosis was distributed in all groups. As p-value increased, f-value increased indicating constant co-infection of Candida and BV in Chlamydia positive females. Microscopy by direct detection from sample and stained smear after culture were in the range: 56-86%. Direct microscopy for BV was 78.5% and stained smear after culture, 57.1%. Sensitivity and specificity of the techniques showed that detection of Chlamydia was less sensitive by direct microscopy of sample but sensitivity and specificity of stained smear after culture were high. Immunoassay (32.2%) was also less sensitive. Sensitivity and specificity of wet mount microscopy for Candida, Trichomoniasis and BV were in the range 62.5 – 80% and 62.5-97.8% respectively. Wet mount has high sensitivity and specificity for detecting agents of vaginitis and may be useful for routine use and for diagnosis where disease is absent, thus, making identification more cost effective

Nutritional effect on tonsil growth and response to BCG vaccination in infants vaccinated under EPI Programme

Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine Vol.10(1) 2000: 1-

Estimation Of Measles Sero-conversion in Children Vaccinated Against Measles in Edo State of Nigeria

A study of seroconversion of 115 children between 9 months to 5 years vaccinated against measles was conducted in Oriowon local government area of Edo State. This has to establish the immune status of the children against measles after immunisation. Haemagglutination inhibition technique was used. Prevaccination immune status was conducted and 89.6% of the children studied especially among the older ones between 2-5 years were found with protective measles antibody. The highest of the titre attained was 1.256. Exposure to endemic environment was attributed to this cause. In the postvaccination assessment of the immune status, 94.7% developed protective measles antibody with a minimum titre level of 1:16, while 5.27% was not protected against measles. Among the highly protected children, 84.9% had a titre range between 1.64 and 1.1024. The high measles antibody titre detected in the children before vaccination was thought could affect the measles vaccination, instead there was increase in measles antibody titre. This could indicate the potentiation of antibody development by the immunization. Children were observed to have been vaccinated at older age than the scheduled age of vaccination. This was attributed to the attitude of the mothers. Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine Vol. 9, No. 2 (June 1999) pp. 169-17