Squamous cell carcinoma of oral tongue in young patients — A 10 years tertiary care experience

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and pathological profile of young patients with squamous cell carcinoma of tongue. METHODS: The retrospective study was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised record of patients20. RESULTS: Of the 29 patients, 17(58.6%) were men and 12(41.3%) were women. The overall mean age at presentation was 29.6+/-4.4 years. All patients (100%) had some sort of addiction, with 15(51.7%) having more than one addiction. Of the total, 20(68.9%) patients had moderately differentiated carcinoma. At presentation, 20(68.9%) had advanced stage (III-IV) disease. Surgery was the primary modality used in all the patients (100%). Median follow-up period was 36 months (range: 1-6 years). During follow-up, 7(24.1%) patients developed recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue was more commonly seen in males, and multiple addictions were a common risk factor

Public Sector University Governance in Punjab: a case of University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore

Governance is the policy level decision making. The day to day functioning and implementation of policies may be referred to as management. In this research, we have studied the governance and management mechanism of the public sector universities in Punjab by taking University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences as a case. The qualitative methodology was applied in conducting this study. Two methods of data collection were used; secondary documents, and guided semi-structured interviews. After the reforms introduced by the HEC in the higher education system of Pakistan, and the up gradation of the university, the overall mechanics of governance, and management have taken a paradigm shift. The policy making process is structured in a way that syndicate being the highest organ of governance in this manner. Syndicate provides the direction. Vice Chancellor is the head of administration and is responsible for the daily academic and administrative functioning of the university. However, in making decisions university has to face a certain level of external interference. Keywords: Governance, Public Sector, University Governance, Punja

Fibrolipomatous hamartoma of the median nerve with macrodystrophia lipomatosa

Fibrolipomatous hamartoma (FLH) is a rare congenital condition that presents with a benign overgrowth of the bone and fibroadipose tissue termed as macrodystrophia lipomatosa (MDL). Although commonly seen in the median nerve, other peripheral nerves can be involved. Diagnosis can be made on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to the characteristic coaxial cable appearance on axial images and the spaghetti appearance on sagittal images. Histology shows mature adipose and fibrous tissue infiltrating the epineural and perineural compartments. Multiple or debulking surgeries are often needed, with an emphasis on cosmetic aspects. We present one such case in which wide margin excision and sural nerve graft were carried out

Readmissions after day care surgery In ent : A tertiary care experience

BACKGROUND: Re-admission following day care surgery in ENT (Ear, Nose & Throat) results in significant morbidity to patient & massive load to hospital & also raises the question on the safety of day care surgery. Only a small number of published studies emphases on return to hospital within 30 days following day care surgery in otorhinolaryngology especially from our region. This study was carried out to determine the frequency of re-admission after day care surgery in ENT. METHODS: We prospectively studied consecutive patients who underwent ENT procedures [i.e., septoplasty, tympanoplasty type I & functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) for deviated nasal septum (DNS), chronic suppurative otitis media tubotympanic (CSOM TT) variety & ethmoidal nasal polyposis (ENP) respectively] as day care surgery case under general anaesthesia at the Section of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital & Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi from January 2015 to December 2016. All patients aged 20- 60 years of both genders were included in the study. SPSS software version 20 was used for data compilation and analysis. p-value less than or equal to 0.05 was taken as significant. RESULTS: In the phase of 24 months, total 317 cases met the inclusion criteria & were included in the study. There were 205 males & 112 females in the study population. One hundred & twenty-two patients having DNS, 128 having CSOM TT & 67 suffering from ENP & underwent septoplasty, tympanoplasty type I & FESS respectively. Complications were observed in a total of 7 (2.2%) patients in our study group & required re-admission within 1 month of surgery. Stratification was done between re-admission & all effect modifiers, with all showing insignificant results. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that ENT surgeries (septoplasty, tympanoplasty type I & FESS) are safe procedures which can be performed as a day care case with acceptably low readmission rates

Oral lichen planus and hepatitis C virus infection; a symbiotic relationship or a mere co-incidence?

Background: Lichen planus (LP) is a common idiopathic chronic inflammatory immune mediated mucocutanous disease that effects stratified squamous epithelia and appendices. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is quite common across the world. A couple of reports have suggested positive association of HCV infection and oral lichen planus (OLP) and most of the studies are usually confined to Mediterranean and south European countries. Due to high incidence and suspected alliance between these two diseases in Pakistan, the following study was conducted with the view that it may help clinicians to set guidelines for HCV testing of lichen planus patients.Methods: Approximately 11500 patients from general population coming to dental diagnostics department of Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore (from March 2015-February 2016) were screened clinically for OLP and by ELISA for HCV infection. Out of these 11500 patients 103 were selected one of them incidental and the other pre-diagnosed or both incidental and both pre-diagnosed. These patients were unaware but had either one or both OLP and HCV infection which was confirmed clinically and by ELISA respectively.Results: Majority of patients presenting for other dental complaints were unaware of these diseases process going on in them and was mostly an incidental finding by the clinician. Either one or both OLP and HCV infection were more conjoint in females comprising 77.7% of the total subjects. OLP alone was most common finding comprising 66.67% of the cases. HCV infection alone was present in 15.53% whereas 16.50% subjects showed presence of both OLP and HCV infection.Conclusions: The current study could not detect statistically significant relationship between OLP and HCV infection in Pakistani population which could be due to genetic variation or may be geographic relationship

A FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE CULTURAL SOCIAL DIFFERENT REPRESENTATAION OF TELEVISION SERIAL 'DIWANGI': ٹیلی ویژن سیریل 'دیوانگی' کی ثقافتی سماجی مختلف نمائندگی کا عملی تجزیہ

Language is the basic feature of any society which reflects its social norms and culture. Language patterns vary from culture to culture and the concept of gender is a key factor in this scenario. There is enormous diversity in the language behavior of men and women. The purpose of the present study is to find out the language patterns of both men and women with reference to Pakistani society. Generally in Pakistani society men enjoy more power in all aspects of life whereas women have secondary status in various spheres of life

ANALYSIS OF AMINO ACIDS BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are considered as the key precursors for the formation of hormones and low molecular weight nitrogenous substances with biological importance. Since the analysis of amino acids has been carried out for both qualitative and quantitative purposes with an aim to study their levels in the plasma concentration, the quantitative determination, in particular, also helps in the diagnosis of different diseases associated with their deficiency. This review article deals with the determination of amino acids by chromatographic methods which include ion-exchange chromatography (IEC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The review will also give an idea for the preparation of samples, derivatization methods for the analysis of amino acids (direct and indirect methods) and separation of amino acids by high performance liquid chromatographic technique