6 research outputs found
Prevalence, types and demographic features of child labour among school children in Nigeria
BACKGROUND: To determine the prevalence, types and demographic features of child labour among school children in Nigeria. METHODS: A cross-sectional interview study of 1675 randomly selected public primary and secondary school pupils aged 5 to less than 18 years was conducted in the Sagamu Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria from October 1998 to September 1999. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of child labour was 64.5%: 68.6% among primary and 50.3% among secondary school pupils. Major economic activities included street trading (43.6%), selling in kiosks and shops (25.4%) and farming (23.6%). No child was involved in bonded labour or prostitution. Girls were more often involved in labour activities than boys (66.8% versus 62.1%, p = 0.048): this difference was most obvious with street trading (p = 0.0004). Most of the children (82.2%) involved in labour activities did so on the instruction of one or both parents in order to contribute to family income. Children of parents with low socio-economic status or of poorly educated parents were significantly involved in labour activities (p = 0.01 and p = 0.001 respectively). Child labour was also significantly associated with increasing number of children in the family size (p = 0.002). A higher prevalence rate of child labour was observed among children living with parents and relations than among those living with unrelated guardians. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that smaller family size, parental education and family economic enhancement would reduce the pressure on parents to engage their children in labour activities
Prescribing Patterns and Inappropriate Use of Medications in Elderly Outpatients in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria
Purpose: To determine the prescribing patterns and occurrence of
potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) among elderly outpatients
visiting a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective study
was carried out among elderly subjects (age ≥ 60 years) who were
issued prescriptions in the outpatients department of Olabisi Onabanjo
University Teaching Hospital (OOUTH), Sagamu, Nigeria. Data were
obtained on demographics, prescribing indicators and potentially
inappropriate medications using Beer’s criteria. Results: Of the
1000 prescriptions consecutively selected, 546 (54.6 %) were for women
and 454 were for men, giving a female to male ratio of 1:0.83. The mean
age of the subjects was 68.9 ± 7.3 years. Analgesics (756, 75.6 %)
were the most commonly prescribed medicines. Prescription of
antimalarials was low 127 (12.7 %).The total number of medications
prescribed was 3979 while the mean number of medications per encounter
was 3.9. The medications prescribed by generic name were 1945 (48.9 %).
Encounters with antibiotic and injection prescriptions were 203 (23 %)
and 8 (0.8 %), respectively, while the proportion of medications
prescribed that were on Nigeria’s essential medicines list or
formulary was 95.4 %. Four hundred and fifty six (45.6 %) prescriptions
had one or more potentially inappropriate medicine. Medicines with high
and low severity for potentially adverse events occurred in 82.7 % and
17.3 % of the cases, respectively. Conclusion: Medication prescribing
among the elderly is still suboptimal. Appropriate interventions are
required from all stakeholders
Prescribing Patterns and Inappropriate Use of Medications in Elderly Outpatients in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria
Purpose: To determine the prescribing patterns and occurrence of
potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) among elderly outpatients
visiting a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective study
was carried out among elderly subjects (age ≥ 60 years) who were
issued prescriptions in the outpatients department of Olabisi Onabanjo
University Teaching Hospital (OOUTH), Sagamu, Nigeria. Data were
obtained on demographics, prescribing indicators and potentially
inappropriate medications using Beer’s criteria. Results: Of the
1000 prescriptions consecutively selected, 546 (54.6 %) were for women
and 454 were for men, giving a female to male ratio of 1:0.83. The mean
age of the subjects was 68.9 ± 7.3 years. Analgesics (756, 75.6 %)
were the most commonly prescribed medicines. Prescription of
antimalarials was low 127 (12.7 %).The total number of medications
prescribed was 3979 while the mean number of medications per encounter
was 3.9. The medications prescribed by generic name were 1945 (48.9 %).
Encounters with antibiotic and injection prescriptions were 203 (23 %)
and 8 (0.8 %), respectively, while the proportion of medications
prescribed that were on Nigeria’s essential medicines list or
formulary was 95.4 %. Four hundred and fifty six (45.6 %) prescriptions
had one or more potentially inappropriate medicine. Medicines with high
and low severity for potentially adverse events occurred in 82.7 % and
17.3 % of the cases, respectively. Conclusion: Medication prescribing
among the elderly is still suboptimal. Appropriate interventions are
required from all stakeholders