The Use of Proverbs in Hip-Hop Music: The Example of Yoruba Proverbs in 9ice’s Lyrics

Proverb is a canonized oral form that contains the mores, wisdom and worldview of a particular society. As an oral form of the Yoruba people of Southwestern Nigeria, it is used to (re)create identity, interrogate reality, and mediate real and artistic discourses. It is against this background that this paper examines the use of, and modes of mediation of Yoruba proverbs in the song-poetry of Abolore Adegbola Akande, a popular Nigerian hip-hop artiste whose stage name is 9ice. The data for the paper are selected song-texts of 9ice downloaded from different websites. The proverbs in the selected songs were identified and classified into groups. The study reveals that 9ice uses Yoruba proverbs to perform various global speech acts such as boasting, dissing, warning and teaching

The Use of Proverbs in Hip-Hop Music: The Example of Yoruba Proverbs in 9ice’s Lyrics

Proverb is a canonized oral form that contains the mores, wisdom and worldview of a particular society. As an oral form of the Yoruba people of Southwestern Nigeria, it is used to (re)create identity, interrogate reality, and mediate real and artistic discourses. It is against this background that this paper examines the use of, and modes of mediation of Yoruba proverbs in the song-poetry of Abolore Adegbola Akande, a popular Nigerian hip-hop artiste whose stage name is 9ice. The data for the paper are selected song-texts of 9ice downloaded from different websites. The proverbs in the selected songs were identified and classified into groups. The study reveals that 9ice uses Yoruba proverbs to perform various global speech acts such as boasting, dissing, warning and teaching

Modelling White Shrimp (Nematopalaemon hastatus) Value Chain Using Combined SWOT and AHP

The objective of this study is to model white shrimp (Nematopalaemon hastatus) value chains in the Coastal areas ofOndo State, Nigeria using a strength, weakness, opportunities and threat (SWOT) analysis in combination with an analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Nineteen (19) participants in the value chain comprised of shrimpers, processors, marketers, consumers, fishery managers, and resource economists identified and prioritized the SWOT factors at each stage of the N. hastatus value chain including shrimping (fishery), processing, marketing, and the consumption level. The results provide the base for recommendations for policy and research in Nigeria and other developing nations aimed at ensuring sustainable shrimping, efficient processing and marketing as well as improvements in consumers’ awareness and satisfaction through the development of standards and sustainable operation procedures for fishery, the development of cheaper and safer processing technology, the modernization of markets, and thedevelopment of value‐added shrimp products

Panel Cointegration and Granger Causality Approach to Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in BRICS Countries.

In the recent time, empirical studies have failed to examine the long run relationship between FDI inflows, growth rate of economy and economic growth in BRICS countries. This paper employs Johansen Fisher Panel Cointegration and Pairwise Dumitrescu Hurlin Panel Causality Tests to address the objective of this study. The findings from this study show that all the variables have a long run equilibrium relationship. However, panel causality test indicates the existence of unidirectional causality which runs from FDI inflows to economic growth. This study upholds the propositions of Harrod-Domar and Solow growth models, which both submitted that investment is a necessary condition for economic growth in any economy. Similarly, there is one way causality that runs from growth rate of economy to FDI inflows. Therefore, the study recommends that all the policy makers in BRICS countries should embark on more foreign investment oriented policies that would boost further attraction of FDI inflows into all sectors of their economies. Also, policy should be geared towards the promotion of a stable political goodwill and macroeconomic variables that would ensure the sustainable growth rate of BRICS economies.  &nbsp

Characterization of Dye Sensitized Cells Using Natural Dye from Oil Bean Leaf (Pentaclethra macrophylla): The Effect of Dye pH on the Photoelectric Parameters

Fresh leaves of oil bean (P. macrophylla) were used as sensitizers for fabrication of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) at four dye pH values of 2.58˚C at 23.7˚C, 2.62˚C at 22.2˚C, 2.65˚C at 22.3˚C and 3.61˚C at 22.1˚C. The methanol extracts of P. macrophylla were extracted and used as sensitizers for the development of dye sensitized solar cells. The solar cells sensitized by P. macrophylla leaf extracts realised up to short circuit current (Jsc) 0.16 mA/cm2, open circuit voltage (Voc) 0.045 V, Pmax 0.031 mW/ cm2 and fill factor (FF) 0.50. The energy conversion efficiency (η) of the DSSCs is 0.43%. Phytochemical screening of P. macrophylla leaf extract shows the presence of flavonoids and anthraquinones. The nanostructured dye shows conversion of solar energy into electricity using low cost natural dyes as wide band-gap semiconductor sensitizers in DSSCs. This will provide economically viable substitute to silicon p-n junction photovoltaic (PV)

In vitro gas production, methane production and fermentation kinetics of concentrate diet containing incremental levels of sodium humate

The redox potentials of humic acids make it a veritable pathway to hydrogen consumption in the rumen that may be a strategy to mitigate methane production. This study assessed the fermentability indices and methane production of incremental levels of sodium humate by in vitro gas production technique. Five experimental diets containing sodium humate at 0, 5, 7.5 10 and 12.5 g/kg diet were formulated. Inoculum prepared was from rumen fluid of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. Incubation period was 24 hours at 39°C. Fermentation kinetics, methane and rumen metabolites production were analysed using one-way analysis of variance as outlined in the GLM procedure of SAS. Results revealed a decrease (p < 0.05) in CH4, VFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate, hydrogen consumed via CH4/VFA pathway (HC), volume of gas from degradable fraction (A) and rate of gas constant (c) with addition of sodium humate in the diet up to 10 g/kg diet. There were increase (p < 0.05) in VFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate, HC, A and c at 12.5 g/kg diet humate inclusion. Also, hydrogen recovery (HR), metabolizeable energy (ME), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), microbial biomass, organic matter digestibility (OMD) and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) increased (p < 0.05) with incremental levels of sodium humate inclusion, but above 10 g/kg diet inclusion, ATP, MB, ME, OMD and SCFA were observed to decrease (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the impact of sodium humate in diet of goats is dose dependent and that supplementing the diet of WAD goats with sodium humate for up to 10 g/kg diet can effectively reduce methane production while also providing energy for rumen microbes and other metabolic activities of the animal

Control of wax moth, Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in post harvest honey comb

An experiment was carried out in the laboratory to control the infestation of larger wax moth, Galleria mellonella, after honey extraction. Different quantities of salt in water and hermetic storage were used as methods of controlling the larvae. A treatment containing Aluminium phosphide tablet was incorporated as a chemical method of control and the treated honeycomb samples were stored for two month. Of all the treatments used, the hermetic storage and Aluminium phosphide had the best result in that the comb retained their freshness post two months storage. The number of emerged moth in opened untreated control (61.00) was higher than other treatments but significantly higher than the number of emerged moth observed in salt- treated comb in opened containers. Wax and slum gum weight were not significantly affected by the treatments. Hermetic storage is therefore recommended as a better method of controlling wax moth in honeycomb after the extraction of honey than Aluminium phosphide, due to the possibility of residue of Aluminium phosphide in the treated honeycomb. Key words: Honeycomb, Galleria mellonella, salt, hermetic storage, Aluminium phosphide, bee wax, wax moth contro