Wildlife conservation and agrarian economy in communities around Kainji Lake National Park, Niger State, Nigeria

This study was carried out to assess the wildlife conservation and agrarian economy in communities around Kainji lake national park of Niger state  Nigeria. The study was carried out in ten (10) randomly selected villages around Kainji Lake National Park namely (Luma, Kemenji, Kuble, New- Awuru, Old-Awuru, Dekera, Wawa, Woro, Malale, and Old Bussa). A total of 20 Questionnaires were administered in each community. Data was analysed using simple percentages, frequency counts and tables. The results revealed that most of the respondents (51.5%) engaged in farming for food production and income generation while about 31% of them engaged in farming for income generation only. Damages and destructions  caused by wild animals to crops in the study area is high and causes significant danger to the agrarian economy. Wild animals such as Hippopotamus (34.5%) raided the crop farms most, closely followed by Baboons (32.5%) and Patas monkey (24.5%). Farmers in retaliation adopted lethal methods such as using toxic chemicals (34%) and hunting (27.5%) to safeguard their crops. This study showed that conflict between man and animal is a serious problem in communities around conservation areas and this requires an urgent intervention to save animal in the study area  from extinction. Keywords: Wildlife, Conservation, Agrarian economy, Hunting and Extinction

Project Implementation Decision Using Software Development Life Cycle Models: A Comparative Approach

Selection of a suitable Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) model for project implementation is somewhat confusing as there are a lot of SDLC models with similar strengths and weaknesses. Also, the solutions proffered among the researchers so far have been the  qualitative comparative analysis of SDLC models. Hence, this paper proposes a comparative analysis of SDLC models using quantitative approach in relation to strengths and weaknesses of SDLC models. The study adapted comparative analysis and Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) models features’ classification using ten characteristics such as project complexity, project size, project duration, project with risk, implementation/initial cost, error discovery, associated cost, risk analysis, maintenance and cost estimation. A quantitative measure that employs online survey using experts in software design and engineering, project management and system analysis was carried out for the evaluation of SDLC models. Purposeful Stratified Random Sampling (SRS) technique was used to gather the data for analysis using XLSTAT after pre-processing, taking into consideration both benefit and cost criteria. The overall performance evaluation showed that Spiral-Model is the best followed by V-Model and lastly Waterfall Model with comparative values of 38.63%, 35.76% and 25.61% respectively. As regards cost estimation, Waterfall Model is the most efficient with value of 41%, then V-Model with 31% and lastly Spiral Model with 28%. V-Model has great error recovery capability with value of 45% which is closely followed by Spiral Model with 37% and lastly Waterfall Model with 18%. The study revealed that, a model with efficient risk assurance does not guarantee efficient cost management. In the future work, more characteristics regarding SDLC models shall be considered

Web-based text editing system for Nigerian major languages

This study developed a web-based text editor to eliminate the incompatibility of computer keyboard with the three major indigenous languages in Nigeria. It also aims to reduce the time taken to produce characters with diacritical marks. The editors produced valid Unicode characters and require pressing less buttons to generating all the symbols of the alphabets for the three major indigenous languages in Nigeria. Client-side technologies were used to develop these applications. Three web pages, designated for Yorùbá, Igbo and Hausa language were generated with HTML. CSS was used to define the look and feel of the HTML elements on each page. Regular Expressions implemented in JavaScript functions were used to convert selected ASCII characters into desired Unicode characters. The editors are available at http://www.gazaliwakil.com.ng. The editors work well on latest version of browsers like (Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, and Internet Explorer). They are very light, consume minimal server resources and can work offline. The system was launched Fifty-one (51) times to extract data comprising the Loading, Scripting, Rendering, Painting, System, and Idle time. The obtained result showed that on the average, it takes about 13.77ms to load the HTML DOM elements, 42.83ms to load the javaScript, 13.10ms and 1.73ms for rendering and painting the page by CSS. Additional time taken are 43.91ms and 3,045.10ms for the system and idle time respectively. A total time of 3,160.43ms (3.16s) is required when any of the editors is launched before the page can accept inputs from the users. It also takes the editors 2.66ms to add diacritical marks on a letter. This would, in effect, not reduce the typing speed of users

Evaluation of pytochemicals and vitamins constituents of Corchorus aestuans L.

This study evaluates the phytochemicals and vitamins constituents of Corchorus aestuans. The plant extracts were prepared by cold maceration using methanol as a solvent. Phytochemical screening was carried out using preliminary phytochemical tests and the vitamins was determined according to procedure outlined by Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemistry. Data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistics. The qualitative phytochemical screening showed the presence of tannin, phenolic, saponin, alkaloid, flavonoid, trypsin, glycoside and carbohydrates while steroids, cardiac glycosides and triterpene are not presence. The quantitative phytochemical constituents of leaves of Corchorus aestuans indicated that alkaloid and flavonoid recorded the highest mean value of 2.973 and 0.131 mg/kg each, followed by carbohydrates with 0.99 mg/kg while phenolic was the least with a mean of 0.01 mg/kg. Vitamins composition of the leaves of Corchorus aestuans showed that vitamin C recorded the highest value of 8.82 mg/100g, followed by Vitamin E and Vitamin A (5.68 and 2.246 mg/100g) while Vitamin D (0.27mg/100g) is the least. The study concludes that leaves of Corchorus aestuans can serve as a good source of vitamins and used as herbs. Therefore, the study recommends that further study on pharmacological uses of C. aestuans should be carried out and include in the human diet to solve the problem of malnutrition