Evaluación de la eficacia de los sistemas y tecnologías ciberfísicos en el complejo de la construcción

El problema de la optimización de la construcción en todas las etapas del ciclo de vida de un objeto de construcción es uno de los más importantes. La solución a este problema es la introducción de sistemas y tecnologías ciberfísicos. Las cuestiones de la introducción de herramientas digitales en la construcción han sido de interés a largo plazo tanto para los investigadores como para los profesionales, ya que estos procesos proporcionan a las empresas constructoras beneficios económicos adicionales, reducen los plazos de entrega y mejoran la calidad de los productos de construcción terminados. El artículo define los principales tipos de sistemas y tecnologías ciberfísicos que tienen potencial para el desarrollo de la economía en el contexto de la digitalización, identifica los principales problemas de la introducción de herramientas digitales por parte de las pequeñas empresas constructoras, sistematiza y agrupa los indicadores para evaluar la eficacia de su implementación. Los autores proponen tres grupos de indicadores de desempeño, incluidos los indicadores de desempeño de los procesos de construcción en las etapas del ciclo de vida, los indicadores de desempeño para la implementación de un sistema de gestión de procesos de construcción basado en sistemas y tecnologías de información, los indicadores de evaluación del desempeño para la implementación de proyectos de inversión para la implementación de sistemas y tecnologías ciberfísicos en la construcción. Los resultados del estudio se pueden utilizar para desarrollar recomendaciones para mejorar la eficiencia de los procesos de construcción basados ​​en la introducción de sistemas y tecnologías ciberfísicos

Analysis of building information modeling technologies for transport infrastructure objects at the stages of the life cycle

The expansion of the transport system is one of the urgent tasks of the development of the Russian economy. The high level of transport infrastructure quality ensures the development of many areas of business, simplifies the procedure for transporting goods, and also creates comfortable conditions for the movement of passengers. For the progression of the transport system, it is necessary to regularly increase the number of objects, which in turn forms an increase in the volume of transport construction. The current design and construction approaches do not provide a sufficient level of fast and high-quality construction of facilities, therefore, the introduction of modern work methods is an urgent issue. Information modeling technologies are currently one of the promising areas of digitalization, but in the field of transport construction they have not yet received sufficient application. The purpose of this research work is to analyze the use of information modeling technologies for transport infrastructure objects at all stages of the life cycle, and the task is to determine the processes for implementation through the information modeling functionality. The paper outlines the main features of transport infrastructure facilities, the specifics of work based on information modeling, and also analyzes their integration throughout the entire life cycle. As a result, an analysis of the effectiveness of the use of information modeling technology tools for the main tasks of each stage of the life cycle is presented, and an information transfer algorithm is formed

Analysis of international experience in the field of building information modelling of transport infrastructure objects

In this paper, the authors consider the current state and level of implementation of building information modeling applied to transport infrastructure at the stages of their life cycle in Russia and abroad. Possible prerequisites for the transfer of knowledge and technologies of building information modeling from the civil and industrial facilities to the field of transport construction are highlighted according to the accumulated experience in the design, construction and operation of such facilities in various countries and Russia. Special emphasis is placed on examples of the world’s largest implemented or ongoing projects for the construction of transport infrastructure. The experience of implementing these projects was analyzed from the point of view of the software used in relation to all stages of the life cycle of transport infrastructure objects: design, construction and subsequent operation. The prospects for the development of data exchange formats in the context of the existing problem of mutual integration of BIM and GIS for transport infrastructure objects to ensure their complementarity and compatibility are also considered. The functional levels of the use of various software within the framework of companies implementing project activities using information modeling technologies are highlighted. A list of criteria characterizing the level of information modeling technologies integration to transport infrastructure objects into the activities of participants in the life cycle of these objects is highlighted. A review of the regulatory framework of information modeling in construction in Russia is carried out, and the main differences in this area with the regulatory regulation of this area in the European Union are noted. Conclusions are made about the key reference points for the development of information modeling of transport infrastructure facilities on a national scale, leading customer companies and contractors

Predictive analytics for ensuring the autonomy of urban infrastructure socially significant elements

The article is devoted to the study of publications in the field of using predictive analytics in the construction industry, as well as to ensure the autonomy of urban infrastructure elements using Industry 4.0 technologies. The materials for the study were publications presented in the international database Scopus in the period from 2017 to 2022. It was revealed that the most popular publications relate mainly to the issues of substantiating the cost of investments in construction, predicting the properties of reinforced concrete and concrete structures, using information modeling technologies in integration with machine learning models, including as part of the design of capital construction projects, etc. However, there are no publications considering the use of Industry 4.0 technologies and predictive analytics to ensure the autonomy of socially significant elements of the urban infrastructure or even capital construction projects. In this regard, the issue of determining the sufficiency and completeness of the data that needs to be collected and processed to identify critical deviations of the system and ensure the autonomy of socially significant elements of the urban infrastructure by comparing the reference model of the operation of an object or its elements and measurements collected from the system in the mode real time

The modelling of power plant’s evaporative cooling tower operation taking into account hydrometeorological conditions

The paper aims to perform numerical modelling of the operation of large-scale evaporative cooling towers of power plants considering dynamically changing hydrometeorological conditions. The proposed modelling was performed based on the developed mathematical algorithm for studying the influence of turbulent vortex motions on the processes of atmospheric cooling of circulating water in countercurrent cooling towers of power plants. According to the simulation results, the optimal heat exchange modes of cooling towers operation are determined and recommendations for the practical implementation of measures to improve their thermal efficiency in hot periods of the year are proposed

Analysis of building information modeling technologies for transport infrastructure objects at the stages of the life cycle

The expansion of the transport system is one of the urgent tasks of the development of the Russian economy. The high level of transport infrastructure quality ensures the development of many areas of business, simplifies the procedure for transporting goods, and also creates comfortable conditions for the movement of passengers. For the progression of the transport system, it is necessary to regularly increase the number of objects, which in turn forms an increase in the volume of transport construction. The current design and construction approaches do not provide a sufficient level of fast and high-quality construction of facilities, therefore, the introduction of modern work methods is an urgent issue. Information modeling technologies are currently one of the promising areas of digitalization, but in the field of transport construction they have not yet received sufficient application. The purpose of this research work is to analyze the use of information modeling technologies for transport infrastructure objects at all stages of the life cycle, and the task is to determine the processes for implementation through the information modeling functionality. The paper outlines the main features of transport infrastructure facilities, the specifics of work based on information modeling, and also analyzes their integration throughout the entire life cycle. As a result, an analysis of the effectiveness of the use of information modeling technology tools for the main tasks of each stage of the life cycle is presented, and an information transfer algorithm is formed

Optimal design of lattice metal constructions of overhead power transmission lines

The article presents a new concept of design of power lines which allowed us to develop new unified power transmission supports, efficient and reliable ones. For the first time, a method of optimum design of overhead power lines has been developed which considered the power line as a united structural system, the relief, the atmospheric and climatic conditions, the environment pollution, the efficiency requirements, the technological and operational expenditures. The article describes the changes introduced into the requirements for the dimensions and parameters of grid metal works with the minimum mass. The optimum design, the computer-aided assembly process and the use of advanced technologies guarantee the reduction of the construction period and the increase in the maintenance period of power lines

The influence of Li

Abstract. The present work was done during the research carried out by the authors, the aim of which was to develop methods for reducing energy costs in the manufacture of precast concrete and reinforced concrete structures for civil engineering. The paper presents the results of the analysis of the addition of lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) effect on the rate of hydration of Portland cement and the concrete obtained on its basis under high temperature conditions (80°C). The heat release curves were obtained during the hydration of samples based on a cement binder using the isothermal calorimetry method. The addition of Li2CO3 was taken in dosages from 0.5% to 2.0% by weight of cement. The graphical dependences of the heat release of the exothermic hydration reaction from the used dosage of lithium carbonate in the first 10 hours of hardening are established and presented in the paper. The obtained heat release data were compared with the graphs of the hardening of the samples tested by the standard method

Optimal design of lattice metal constructions of overhead power transmission lines

The article presents a new concept of design of power lines which allowed us to develop new unified power transmission supports, efficient and reliable ones. For the first time, a method of optimum design of overhead power lines has been developed which considered the power line as a united structural system, the relief, the atmospheric and climatic conditions, the environment pollution, the efficiency requirements, the technological and operational expenditures. The article describes the changes introduced into the requirements for the dimensions and parameters of grid metal works with the minimum mass. The optimum design, the computer-aided assembly process and the use of advanced technologies guarantee the reduction of the construction period and the increase in the maintenance period of power lines