3,236 research outputs found
Putting You First: First-Generation Student Perceptions, Needs, and Engagement at Virginia Commonwealth University
You First at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) submitted a Request for Assistance with the need for increased engagement with VCU first-generation (FG) students. To address this request, a doctoral Capstone team conducted problem and context analysis, a literature review, a mixed-methods study analyzing institutional data, a survey of current FG students at VCU, and focus group sessions with FG students at VCU. The goal was to identify FG student perceptions of their FG identities, determine the needs of FG students, and uncover factors that impact FG students’ engagement with You First. Findings suggested that the underlying cause of minimal engagement with FG students is the lack of awareness of You First services and programs. The Capstone team identified key challenges for FG students and ways for You First to continue to improve its support of FG students. Recommendations focused on increasing awareness of You First, promoting FG student connections, providing more accessible information, formalizing partnerships across the institution, and cultivating inclusivity among FG students’ families
Reimaging Environmental Education: Urban youths' perceptions and investigations of their communities
In this study we investigate ways that students in an environmental science course connect learning in their communities using photovoice. As a participatory methodology, photovoice provides a means for young people to critically explore issues that impact their everyday environments. Students utilized photovoice and narratives to uncover common themes experienced by young people in their rapidly changing urban neighborhoods. We found that through a photovoice project that incorporated a critical pedagogy of place framework, students were able to critically evaluate the physical spaces that construct their identities while documenting larger global issues that are happening on a local scale including segregation, gentrification, and differential access to spaces and resources. A critical place based pedagogy can challenge dominant ideologies about environmental education by highlighting social justice issues that are happening close to home and most salient to student’s lives
Minimum Information about a Neuroscience Investigation (MINI) Electrophysiology
This module represents the formalized opinion of the authors and the CARMEN consortium, which identifies the minimum information required to report the use of electrophysiology in a neuroscience study, for submission to the CARMEN system (www.carmen.org.uk).

Spitzer, Near-Infrared, and Submillimeter Imaging of the Relatively Sparse Young Cluster, Lynds 988e
We present {\it Spitzer} images of the relatively sparse, low luminosity
young cluster L988e, as well as complementary near-infrared (NIR) and
submillimeter images of the region. The cluster is asymmetric, with the western
region of the cluster embedded within the molecular cloud, and the slightly
less dense eastern region to the east of, and on the edge of, the molecular
cloud. With these data, as well as with extant H data of stars
primarily found in the eastern region of the cluster, and a molecular CO
gas emission map of the entire region, we investigate the distribution of
forming young stars with respect to the cloud material, concentrating
particularly on the differences and similarities between the exposed and
embedded regions of the cluster. We also compare star formation in this region
to that in denser, more luminous and more massive clusters already investigated
in our comprehensive multi-wavelength study of young clusters within 1 kpc of
the Sun.Comment: 21 pages, 6 tables, 13 figures. Full resolution figures at:
http://astro.pas.rochester.edu/~tom/Preprints/L988e.pd
Mitotic stress is an integral part of the oncogene-induced senescence program that promotes multinucleation and cell cycle arrest
Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) is a tumor suppression mechanism that blocks cell proliferation in response to oncogenic signaling. OIS is frequently accompanied by multinucleation; however, the origin of this is unknown. Here, we show that multinucleate OIS cells originate mostly from failed mitosis. Prior to senescence, mutant H-RasV12 activation in primary human fibroblasts compromised mitosis, concordant with abnormal expression of mitotic genes functionally linked to the observed mitotic spindle and chromatin defects. Simultaneously, H-RasV12 activation enhanced survival of cells with damaged mitoses, culminating in extended mitotic arrest and aberrant exit from mitosis via mitotic slippage. ERK-dependent transcriptional upregulation of Mcl1 was, at least in part, responsible for enhanced survival and slippage of cells with mitotic defects. Importantly, mitotic slippage and oncogene signaling cooperatively induced senescence and key senescence effectors p21 and p16. In summary, activated Ras coordinately triggers mitotic disruption and enhanced cell survival to promote formation of multinucleate senescent cells
Improved Laboratory Transition Probabilities for Neutral Chromium and Re-determination of the Chromium Abundance for the Sun and Three Stars
Branching fraction measurements from Fourier transform spectra in conjunction
with published radiative lifetimes are used to determine transition
probabilities for 263 lines of neutral chromium. These laboratory values are
employed to derive a new photospheric abundance for the Sun: log (Cr
I) = 5.640.01 (). These Cr I solar abundances do
not exhibit any trends with line strength nor with excitation energy and there
were no obvious indications of departures from LTE. In addition, oscillator
strengths for singly-ionized chromium recently reported by the FERRUM Project
are used to determine: log (Cr II) = 5.770.03 (). Transition probability data are also applied to the spectra of three
stars: HD 75732 (metal-rich dwarf), HD 140283 (metal-poor subgiant), and CS
22892-052 (metal-poor giant). In all of the selected stars, Cr I is found to be
underabundant with respect to Cr II. The possible causes for this abundance
discrepancy and apparent ionization imbalance are discussed.Comment: 44 pages, 6 figure
Potential Melting of Extrasolar Planets by Tidal Dissipation
Tidal heating on Io due to its finite eccentricity was predicted to drive
surface volcanic activity, which was subsequently confirmed by the
spacecrafts. Although the volcanic activity in Io is more
complex, in theory volcanism can be driven by runaway melting in which the
tidal heating increases as the mantle thickness decreases. We show that this
runaway melting mechanism is generic for a composite planetary body with liquid
core and solid mantle, provided that (i) the mantle rigidity, , is
comparable to the central pressure, i.e.
for a body with density , surface gravitational acceleration , and
radius , (ii) the surface is not molten, (iii) tides deposit
sufficient energy, and (iv) the planet has nonzero eccentricity. We calculate
the approximate liquid core radius as a function of ,
and find that more than of the core will melt due to this runaway for
. From all currently confirmed exoplanets, we
find that the terrestrial planets in the L98-59 system are the most promising
candidates for sustaining active volcanism. However, uncertainties regarding
the quality factors and the details of tidal heating and cooling mechanisms
prohibit definitive claims of volcanism on any of these planets. We generate
synthetic transmission spectra of these planets assuming Venus-like atmospheric
compositions with an additional 5, 50, and SO component, which is a
tracer of volcanic activity. We find a preference for a
model with SO with 5-10 transits with for L98-59bcd.Comment: 16 pages, 8 Figures, accepted for publication in Ap
Wide-field dynamic astronomy in the near-infrared with Palomar Gattini-IR and DREAMS
There have been a dramatic increase in the number of optical and radio transient surveys due to astronomical transients such as gravitational waves and gamma ray bursts, however, there have been a limited number of wide-field infrared surveys due to narrow field-of-view and high cost of infrared cameras, we present two new wide-field near-infrared fully automated surveyors; Palomar Gattini-IR and the Dynamic REd All-sky Monitoring Survey (DREAMS). Palomar Gattini-IR, a 25 square degree J-band imager that begun science operations at Palomar Observatory, USA in October 2018; we report on survey strategy as well as telescope and observatory operations and will also providing initial science results. DREAMS is a 3.75 square degree wide-field imager that is planned for Siding Spring Observatory, Australia; we report on the current optical and mechanical design and plans to achieve on-sky results in 2020. DREAMS is on-track to be one of the first astronomical telescopes to use an Indium Galium Arsenide (InGaAs) detector and we report initial on-sky testing results for the selected detector package. DREAMS is also well placed to take advantage and provide near-infrared follow-up of the LSST
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