Introduction to the "Theory of Compensation"

In this article, we systematize and emphasize the information elements that are the starting point for step-by-step actions related to the improvement of technological maps in accordance with the “energy model” to ensure sustainable sanitary and hygienic standards throughout the life cycle of buildings. In particular, we draw attention to the lack of analytical methodologies to visually or technically incorporate optimization measures to achieve the final building outcome in accordance with energy models A, B and C throughout the life cycle of buildings. These findings serve as a basis for research aimed at improving the analytical methods and ensuring their compliance with the established legal standards

The Semmelweis Study: a longitudinal occupational cohort study within the framework of the Semmelweis Caring University Model Program for supporting healthy aging

The Semmelweis Study is a prospective occupational cohort study that seeks to enroll all employees of Semmelweis University (Budapest, Hungary) aged 25 years and older, with a population of 8866 people, 70.5% of whom are women. The study builds on the successful experiences of the Whitehall II study and aims to investigate the complex relationships between lifestyle, environmental, and occupational risk factors, and the development and progression of chronic age-associated diseases. An important goal of the Semmelweis Study is to identify groups of people who are aging unsuccessfully and therefore have an increased risk of developing age-associated diseases. To achieve this, the study takes a multidisciplinary approach, collecting economic, social, psychological, cognitive, health, and biological data. The Semmelweis Study comprises a baseline data collection with open healthcare data linkage, followed by repeated data collection waves every 5 years. Data are collected through computer-assisted self-completed questionnaires, followed by a physical health examination, physiological measurements, and the assessment of biomarkers. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the Semmelweis Study, including its origin, context, objectives, design, relevance, and expected contributions

Прозрачные перегородки – тепловые требования и условия дневного света

Uyma Adam. Transparent partitions – thermal requirements and daylight condition

Анализ польских нормативов, касающихся освещённости помещений и их связи с энергосбережением

As part of European integration, Ukraine performs the harmonization of its building norms with those of the European Union. One of the most important aspects of the formation of the internal environment of the room is its illumination. The analysis of the Polish building regulatory documents regulating the illumination of the room. The standards take into account modern approaches and equipment for energy-efficient lighting of premises such as LED illumination and automation of natural and artificial illumination. It is important to maximize the use of natural illumination, which does not require additional energy to produce light. The basic requirements relating to the illumination of the premises are given in the main Polish building regulations regarding the design and operation of buildings. In recent times, the construction norms introduced qualitatively new requirements relating to energy saving, taking into account the energy spent on heating, ventilation, cooling, heating of hot water, as well as the energy consumed by the building, depending on the lighting conditions of the premises. In addition to the requirements placed in building rules and regulations, you can find different types of design recommendations that relate to the issues of efficient lighting and efficient use of energy in buildings. The analysis allows to take into account modern requirements for energy-efficient lighting in the Ukrainian standards.В рамках евроинтеграции Украина выполняет гармонизацию своих строительных норм с нормами Европейского Союза. Одним из наиболее важных аспектов формирования внутренней среды помещения является его освещённость. Проведён анализ польских строительных нормативных документов, регулирующих освещённость помещения. Нормы учитывают современные подходы и оборудование для энергоэффективного освещения помещений. При этом важно максимально использовать естественное освещение, не требующее дополнительной энергии для получения света. Основные требования, относящиеся к освещённости помещений, приведены в главных польских строительных правилах, касающихся проектировании и эксплуатации зданий. В последние время, в строительном законодательстве введены были качественно новые требования относящееся к энергосбережению, учитывающие энергию на отопление, вентиляцию, охлаждение, подогрев горячей воды, а также энергию потребляемую зданием в зависимости от условий освещения помещений. Кроме требований, помещённых в строительные правилах и нормах, можно найти разного вида рекомендации по проектированию, которые относятся к вопросам эффективного освещения и эффективного расходования энергии в зданиях. Проведённый анализ позволяет учесть современные требования к энергоэффективному освещению в украинских нормах

Thermal emissivity of tent fabric and its influence on the thermal insulation of tent walls

The article presents research aimed at determining the thermal properties of tent fabric and, as the final result, the value of the heat transfer coefficient of the thermal protection of a pneumatic tent. It was assumed that the thermal insulation capacity of the tent cover, consisting of two fabric layers separated by an air gap, was determined for two seasons, summer and winter. The tested material had two sides that differed in color, which resulted in obtaining a different value of the thermal emissivity coefficient. The thermal conductivity coefficient of the tent fabric was also measured with the use of a lammeter. The obtained data from the measurements were then used to determine the resistance to heat transfer on the tent surfaces, the thermal resistance of the partition, and finally the value of the heat transfer coefficient

Thermal insulation of the tent’s heat shield in cold and hot climates

Tent structures are used in many places around the world in both cold and hot climates. They are often used in crisis situations, natural disasters and various types of rescue operations. In order to assess the thermal conditions inside the tent, it is necessary to know the thermal insulation of its external envelopes. The thermal insulation of the cover also determines the selection of equipment for heating or air conditioning the tent. The article presents tests of thermal properties of a tent fabric and the value of the heat transfer coefficient of thermal protection of an pneumatic tent. The thermal insulation of the tent covering consists of two fabric layers separated by an air gap. The research was carried out on the assumption that the tent would be used in cold and hot climate conditions. The thermal conductivity of the material and the conditions of heat transfer on its surfaces were determined. The obtained measurement data were then used to determine the thermal parameters of the tent’s thermal shield

Analysis of the temperature distribution in the place of fixing the ventilated facade

Designers more and more often choose facade systems with ventilated layers for external walls, especially in the case of new buildings. They are also used to modernize existing buildings. Mechanical connectors are a characteristic element of these constructions. Often, they are ignored in calculating the heat balance of rooms and the entire building. Because they pierce the thermal insulation layer they cause point thermal bridges. The influence of thermal point bridges, usually made of aluminum, i.e. a material with very high thermal conductivity, for heat transfer turns out to be significant. Such thermal bridges significantly increase heat losses through building partitions. This situation increases the heat demand in the rooms to compensate for the heat loss. The article presents the results of the analysis of the impact of mechanical fasteners in ventilated facade systems on heat transfer in the building envelope. The influence of various materials and constructional solutions on the thermal conditions in these walls was investigated