Testicular Microlithiasis: Report of Two Cases and Overview

Testicular microlithiasis is a rare asymptomatic disease of the testis. It is associated with testicular tumors and a wide variety of other pathologies. The sonographic image which is the main tool for diagnosis is characteristic. Because of its high association with malignant testicular tumors incidentally discovered cases of testicular microlithiasis should be followed up.Keywords: varicocele, intratesticular, epidedemorchitis

Testicular Embryonic Rhabdomyosarcoma, Case report with brief literature review

Background: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant solid tumour arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is oneof the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and commonest in children under age of 15 years1. Approximately 350 new cases are diagnosed in the United States each year2. Seven to 10% of primary genitourinary tumours are located in the para-testicular region. Scrotalrhabdomyosarcomas originating from paratesticular tissue are most frequently seen in childhood and young adults3. Paratesticular rhabdo-myosarcomas are very rare, comprising only 1: 2,000 tumours of the male genital system4. It constitutes 7% of all rhabdomysarcomas5.The disease may be subdivided into embryonal (which accounts for about 60%), pleomorphic, alveolar and botryoidal types. Embryonal RMS is most commonly found in head and neck, genitourinary and retroperitoneal sites6. The tumour is slightly more common in boys and males (11.8 per million) than in girls and females (10.3 per million)2. The age incidence varies from 21 months (Sabrazes et al, 1923) to 67 years (Prince, 1942)3. However, some had reported racial and gender differences in the incidence of RMS7. Here we report an adult male of paratesticular embryonal RMS. He was lost trace for a while till he present with advanced metastases to the retroperitonium and a multidisciplinary management was held later

Colonoscopy at El Obeid Hospital, Western Sudan

Background: Colonoscopy is effective in screening, diagnosis and treatment of colorectal problems.Objective: The objective of this study was to highlight the impact of colonoscopy service on the pattern and management of lower gastrointestinal diseases as appeared after its introduction for the first time in El Obeid, Western Sudan.Materials and methods: The records of individuals who underwent colonoscopy at El Obeid Hospital were reviewed. The data were analyzed for gender, age, indications, pathology revealed and the outcomes of the procedures.Results: Out of 160 colonoscopies performed, there were 108 males (67.5%). The age ranged between 17 and 85 years. The main indications were rectal bleeding, irregular bowel habits and lower abdominal pain. 28.1% of the individuals were found to be normal. 28.0% of the patients had colitis and 2.5% had diverticular disease. Cancer was diagnosed in 10.1% of cases while benign polyps were found in 7.5% of the patients and internal piles were seen in 14.4% of cases. 9.4% of the patients were emergency procedures for acute sigmoid volvulus. Apart from the discomfort and non-frequent nausea, no other complications like rectal bleeding or colonic perforations were encountered among the study group.Conclusion: Colonoscopy is a safe and useful procedure. Expansion of the service and more training is recommended to supplement diagnosis and facilitate therapeutic measures.Key words: Colonoscopy, Western Sudan

Audit of laparoscopic cholecystectomy Omdurman teaching hospital

Objectives: To review and audit our experience in laparoscopic cholecystectomy [LC] at Omdurman Teaching Hospital, Sudan. Methods: A prospective study for patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the period, from January 2006 to October 2007. Demographic data, indications for surgery, rate of conversion to open cholecystectomy, morbidity, and mortality rates were noted. Results: A total of 114 patients underwent LC in 21 months, They were female 100 patients and 14 males, age range from 25 to70 years, mean age 44 years. Indications for surgery were biliary colic 65.8%, fatty dyspepsia 37.7%, and acute cholecystitis 3.5%. The range of operative time was 25-90 minutes. Conversion rate was (7.9%). The reasons for conversions were bleeding, extensive dense adhesions, severe inflammation. Conclusion: Our findings were consistent with the literature, demonstrating that LC is a safe minimal invasive technique Keywords: Laparoscopic, cholecystectomy, minimal invasive surgery, surgical audit, Sudan.Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 3 (1) 2008: pp. 21-2

Hysteroscopic Endometrial Resection in the Management of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Among Libyan Women

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a major health problem and it is a substantial cause of ill health in women. Medical treatment has a high failure rate and adverse effects. There are few published data on hysteroscopic endometrial resection (HER) in the management of patients with AUB.Objective: To investigate the efficacy and outcomes of hysteroscopic endometrial resection (HER) in patients with AUB.Materials and Methods: A descriptive hospital - based study was carried out at the departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Misurata and Sirt, Libya, during the period from January 2009 to December 2013. Women with AUB were recruited in the study. All women had a detailed medical and obstetrical history, physical examination and the hysteroscopic endometrial ablation and were followed-up for success or failure of the procedure which was assessed via symptoms (bleeding).Results: A total of 120 women with mean (SD) of age and parity of 42.3 (6.8) years and 3.8 (2.4), respectively were recruited in the study initially. Thirty (25%) of these women were lost of followup Therefore, only 70 women (50 with DUB, and 20 women with fibroids) were available for the final analysis. All women underwent hysteroscopic endometrial resection and 28 of them had hysteroscopic myomectomy. The success rate was 92.8% (65/70) after 2 years follow up. All the five women with failure of the procedure were younger (<40 years); had bleeding with dysmenorrhea, bigger uterine size, thicker endometrium (> 7 mm) and they had fibroids.Conclusions: Endometrial resection is an effective procedure in the majority of women with AUB, especially in those over age of 40 and without an increase in uterine size and has no fibroids.Keywords: Uterine bleeding, hysteroscopic, endometrial resection, Libya

Federated Critical Infrastructure Simulators: Towards Ontologies for Support of Collaboration

Our society relies greatly on a variety of critical infrastructures (CI), such as power system networks, water distribution, oil and natural gas systems, telecommunication networks and others. Interdependency between those systems is high and may result in cascading failures spanning different infrastructures. Behavior of each CI can be observed and analyzed through the use of domain simulators, but this does not account for their interdependency. To explore CI interdependencies, domain simulators need to be integrated in a federation where they can collaborate. This paper explores three different simulators: the EPANET water distribution simulator, the PSCAD power system simulator and the I2Sim infrastructure interdependency simulator. Each simulator’s modeling approach is explored and their similarities and differences between modeling approaches are determined. Core ontology for each simulation engine is created as well as initial mapping between them. Ontologies and their mapping will support collaboration of simulators by enabling exchange of information in a semantic manner

Fertility rate of epileptic women at Kenyatta National Hospital

Background: Reproductive health issues of women with epilepsy (WWE ) are complex and multifaceted, and both epilepsy and antiepileptic drug (AE Ds) use may alter fertility and pregnancy outcomes in these women. Objective: To determine the fertility rate of women with epilepsy at Kenyatta National ospital (KNH). Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Neurology clinic, KNH, Nairobi, Kenya, between October 2006 and March 2007. Subjects: A total of 191 women with epilepsy (aged 15-49 years) who had been epileptic for at least one year were interviewed regarding their pregnancy and birth histories, and the information validated with medical records where available. Results: The general fertility rate (GFR) for reproductive-aged epileptic women for the three-year period (2003-2006) preceding the study was 46 livebirths per 1000 women-years (95% CI 35.13- 63.59). Conclusion: Fertility rate in epileptic women is decreased by two thirds (compared to that of general population of women in Kenya). Reasons for this are probably miltifactorial. East African Medical Journal Vol. 85 (7) 2008: pp. 341-34

Hysteroscopy in Libyan women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Background: Hysteroscopy is an efficient procedure of management in many gynecologic conditions. There are few published data on hysteroscopy and recurrent pregnancy loss especially in developing countries.Objectives: To assess hysteroscopic findings in patients with consecutive miscarriages, and to compare the prevalence of uterine abnormalities between women with two and three or more miscarriages.Methods: Three hundred and twenty four women with two or more consecutive miscarriages were enrolled in the study. All participants underwent a diagnostic hysteroscopy. Congenital (arcuate uterus, septate uterus, unicornuate uterus) and acquired uterine abnormalities (intrauterine adhesions, polyp and submucous myoma) were documented. The findings were compared between the groups of women with two miscarriages and women who had three or more miscarriages.Results: Out of a total of 324 women [their mean (SD) of the age and gravidity was 28.3 (6.5) years and 5.1(1.5), respectively] 135 (41.7%) and 189 (58.3%) had two consecutive miscarriages and three or more consecutive miscarriages, respectively. While 194 (59.9%) women had no pathological findings on hysteroscopy, 130 (40.1%) women were found to have uterine anomalies. The congenital anomalies were found in 79 (24.4%) and the acquired were in 51 (15.7%) women. In comparison with women who had three or more miscarriages, women who had two miscarriages had significantly higher number of congenital anomalies, 53/135 (39.2%) vs. 26/189 (13.8%), P < 0.001. However there was no significant difference in the acquired anomalies between women who had two miscarriages and women who had three or more miscarriages.Conclusions: Patients who had two consecutive miscarriages were found to have a higher prevalence of congenital anatomical abnormalities. Diagnostic hysteroscopy should be carried out after two such miscarriages.Keywords: Hysteroscope, Recurrent Pregnancy Loss, miscarriage, Libya

Decomposing Spectral and Phasic Differences in Nonlinear Features between Datasets.

When employing nonlinear methods to characterize complex systems, it is important to determine to what extent they are capturing genuine nonlinear phenomena that could not be assessed by simpler spectral methods. Specifically, we are concerned with the problem of quantifying spectral and phasic effects on an observed difference in a nonlinear feature between two systems (or two states of the same system). Here we derive, from a sequence of null models, a decomposition of the difference in an observable into spectral, phasic, and spectrum-phase interaction components. Our approach makes no assumptions about the structure of the data and adds nuance to a wide range of time series analyses

Search for Low-Scale Technicolor in ATLAS

The low scale technicolor is an appealing scenario of strong ewsb. It has a rich phenomenology which can be tested at the LHC. A very characteristic signal would involve the observation of a technipion in resonance with a Standard Model gauge boson. A fast simulation analysis of the process $p p \to \rho_{T}^{\pm} \to \pi_{T}^{\pm} Z \to bj \ell\ell$ and $p p \to a_{T}^{\pm} \to \pi_{T}^\pm Z \to bj \ell\ell$ for three representative sets of masses for the new particles suggests that the technirho and technipion could be observed with $\sim 15$ fb$^{-1}$, and that the $a_{T}$ could be observed simultaneously with the $\rho_{T}$ and $\pi_{T}$ within a year or more of running at the LHC