3 research outputs found
Compositional analysis of the associations between 24-h movement behaviours and cardio-metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults with pre-diabetes from the PREVIEW study: cross-sectional baseline analysis
Background: Physical activity, sedentary time and sleep have been shown to be associated with cardio-metabolic
health. However, these associations are typically studied in isolation or without accounting for the effect of all
movement behaviours and the constrained nature of data that comprise a finite whole such as a 24 h day. The aim
of this study was to examine the associations between the composition of daily movement behaviours (including
sleep, sedentary time (ST), light intensity physical activity (LIPA) and moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA)) and
cardio-metabolic health, in a cross-sectional analysis of adults with pre-diabetes. Further, we quantified the
predicted differences following reallocation of time between behaviours.
Methods: Accelerometers were used to quantify daily movement behaviours in 1462 adults from eight countries
with a body mass index (BMI) â„25 kg·mâ 2
, impaired fasting glucose (IFG; 5.6â6.9 mmol·l
â 1
) and/or impaired glucose
tolerance (IGT; 7.8â11.0 mmolâąl
â 1 2 h following oral glucose tolerance test, OGTT). Compositional isotemporal
substitution was used to estimate the association of reallocating time between behaviours. Results: Replacing MVPA with any other behaviour around the mean composition was associated with a poorer
cardio-metabolic risk profile. Conversely, when MVPA was increased, the relationships with cardiometabolic risk
markers was favourable but with smaller predicted changes than when MVPA was replaced. Further, substituting ST
with LIPA predicted improvements in cardio-metabolic risk markers, most notably insulin and HOMA-IR.
Conclusions: This is the first study to use compositional analysis of the 24 h movement composition in adults with
overweight/obesity and pre-diabetes. These findings build on previous literature that suggest replacing ST with
LIPA may produce metabolic benefits that contribute to the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes.
Furthermore, the asymmetry in the predicted change in risk markers following the reallocation of time to/from
MVPA highlights the importance of maintaining existing levels of MVPA.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01777893)
PREVIEW study-influence of a behavior modification intervention (PREMIT) in over 2300 people with pre-diabetes: intention, self-efficacy and outcome expectancies during the early phase of a lifestyle intervention
Purpose: Onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is often gradual and preceded by impaired glucose homeostasis. Lifestyle interventions including weight loss and physical activity may reduce the risk of developing T2D, but adherence to a lifestyle change is challenging. As part of an international T2D prevention trial (PREVIEW), a behavior change intervention supported participants in achieving a healthier diet and physically active lifestyle. Here, our aim was to explore the influence of this behavioral program (PREMIT) on social-cognitive variables during an 8-week weight loss phase.
Methods: PREVIEW consisted of an initial weight loss, Phase I, followed by a weightmaintenance, Phase II, for those achieving the 8-week weight loss target of â„ 8% from initial bodyweight. Overweight and obese (BMI â„25 kg/m2) individuals aged 25 to 70 years with confirmed pre-diabetes were enrolled. Uni- and multivariate statistical methods were deployed to explore differences in intentions, self-efficacy, and outcome expectancies between those who achieved the target weight loss (âachieversâ) and those who did not (ânon-achieversâ).
Results: At the beginning of Phase I, no significant differences in intentions, self-efficacy and outcome expectancies between âachieversâ (1,857) and ânon-achieversâ (163) were found. âNon-achieversâ tended to be younger, live with child/ren, and attended the PREMIT sessions less frequently. At the end of Phase I, âachieversâ reported higher intentions (healthy eating Ï2 (1)=2.57; P <0.008, exercising Ï2 (1)=0.66; P <0.008), self-efficacy (F(2; 1970)=10.27, P <0.005), and were more positive about the expected outcomes (F(4; 1968)=11.22, P <0.005).
Conclusion: Although statistically significant, effect sizes observed between the two groups were small. Behavior change, however, is multi-determined. Over a period of time, even small differences may make a cumulative effect. Being successful in behavior change requires that the ânewâ behavior is implemented time after time until it becomes a habit. Therefore, having even slightly higher self-efficacy, positive outcome expectancies and intentions may over time result in considerably improved chances to achieve long-term lifestyle changes
Compositional analysis of the associations between 24-h movement behaviours and cardio-metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults with pre-diabetes from the PREVIEW study: cross-sectional baseline analysis
Background: Physical activity, sedentary time and sleep have been shown to be associated with cardio-metabolic
health. However, these associations are typically studied in isolation or without accounting for the effect of all
movement behaviours and the constrained nature of data that comprise a finite whole such as a 24 h day. The aim
of this study was to examine the associations between the composition of daily movement behaviours (including
sleep, sedentary time (ST), light intensity physical activity (LIPA) and moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA)) and
cardio-metabolic health, in a cross-sectional analysis of adults with pre-diabetes. Further, we quantified the
predicted differences following reallocation of time between behaviours.
Methods: Accelerometers were used to quantify daily movement behaviours in 1462 adults from eight countries
with a body mass index (BMI) â„25 kg·mâ 2
, impaired fasting glucose (IFG; 5.6â6.9 mmol·l
â 1
) and/or impaired glucose
tolerance (IGT; 7.8â11.0 mmolâąl
â 1 2 h following oral glucose tolerance test, OGTT). Compositional isotemporal
substitution was used to estimate the association of reallocating time between behaviours. Results: Replacing MVPA with any other behaviour around the mean composition was associated with a poorer
cardio-metabolic risk profile. Conversely, when MVPA was increased, the relationships with cardiometabolic risk
markers was favourable but with smaller predicted changes than when MVPA was replaced. Further, substituting ST
with LIPA predicted improvements in cardio-metabolic risk markers, most notably insulin and HOMA-IR.
Conclusions: This is the first study to use compositional analysis of the 24 h movement composition in adults with
overweight/obesity and pre-diabetes. These findings build on previous literature that suggest replacing ST with
LIPA may produce metabolic benefits that contribute to the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes.
Furthermore, the asymmetry in the predicted change in risk markers following the reallocation of time to/from
MVPA highlights the importance of maintaining existing levels of MVPA.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01777893)