Characteristics and application of the asymmetric slab waveguide in optical integrated circuit

In this chapter, consists of demand in optical networking for photonic components that meet performance criteria as well as economic requirements has opened the door for novel technologies capable of high-yield low cost manufacturing while delivering high performance and enabling unique functions. The most promising new technologies are based on integrated optics. Integration permits the parallel production of complex multif unction photonic circuit on asymmetric slab waveguide. This kind of waveguide has very important role for designing the integrated optical circuit. To obtain the high performance function, we need to observe the waveguide characteristic in transverse mode (TE mode and TM m ode), the waveguide structure, and materials. Hence, a thoroughly study on asymmetric slab waveguide is essential in future implementation of optical devices in optical network. Integrated optics is the technology of constructing optic devices and networks on substrates [1]. Integrated optics offers the capability of combining optics and electronic components on a single substrate to produce functional systems or subsystems. Within an integrated optic network, light is transferred between components by a rectangular dielectric-slab waveguide

Assessment of worn textile antennas’ exposure on the physiological parameters and well-being of adults

This paper presents the assessment of short-term wireless body area network (WBAN) exposure, which is operated at the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band (2.45 GHz) in the vicinity of the human body. The experiment utilizes two popular textile antenna topologies, a planar monopole and a patch antenna as the radiating sources. The objective of this experiment is to investigate whether the exposure from WBAN may influence the physiological parameters (body temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate) and the well-being of the wearer. Counter-balanced, crossover, and the single-blind method was applied in the experimental setup. P-value is the probability value, under the assumption of no effect or no difference (the null hypothesis) of obtaining a result equal to or more extreme than what was actually observed. If P<; 0.05, it indicates that P-value will be less than the level of significance. Thus, the null hypothesis (no effect or no difference) can be rejected, and it can be concluded that there exist effects to the respondents. The results showed that there is statistically no significant difference between the active exposure and the Sham (no exposure) which may affect the physiological parameters and well-being of the wearers, with P>0.05, which failed to reject the null hypothesis (no effect)

An optical wavelength multi/demultiplexing (DWDM/CWDM) based on Array Waveguide Grating (AWG) technique

Wavelength splitting (demultiplexing) and combining (multiplexing) are important functions in many optical applications. Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) enable optical multiplexing and demultiplexing in which the signals having different light wavelengths can be separated or combined to transmit in single fibre optic. There are two alternatives in WDM which are, Dense WDM (DWDM) for high capacity and long haul transmission, while Coarse WDM (CDWM) mean for shorter transmission and metro network. CWDM allows the wavelengths to be spaced farther apart, which allows for economical solutions in sparse applications (around 20nm) as compared to DWDM which utilizes very closely spaced wavelengths (around 0.8nm). Arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) multiplexer is a key element for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems in optical telecommunication. The advantages of AWG are the flexibility of selecting its channel number and channel spacing. In this project, conventional AWGs with 4x4 channels structure based on polymer with channel spacing for DWDM/CWDM and core size 3 um x 4 um have been designed which centre wavelength 1550nm. The designs have been carried out by using WDM_phasar design tool from Optiwave Corporation. The performance and optimization of the designed AWGs have been analyzed based on parameters studied

Design of Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) for DWDM/CWDM applications based on BCB polymer

Conventional AWG structures based on BenzoCyclobutene (BCB 4024-40) polymer for DWDM/CWDM application are proposed. AWGs are designed on silica substrate with the polymer waveguide refractive index of 1.5556 and layer refractive index of 1.537. An objective of this system is to multiply an optical fiber’s transmission capacity by sending signals simultaneously at multiple wavelengths over a single fiber. Two types of four channels AWG have been successfully designed and operate well in 1550 nm communication window at their desired frequency spacing. Although numbers of AWG structure have been designed and implemented, this work is considered to be the first that based on BCB polyme

Polymer based arrayed waveguide grating (AWG)

A conventional AWG structure based on Benzo Cyclobutene (BCB 4024-40) polymer for DWDM/CWDM application is presented. AWGs are designed on silica substrate with the polymer waveguide refractive index of 1.5556 and layer refractive index of 1.537. Two types of four channels AWG have been successfully designed and operate well in 1550 nm communication window at their desired frequency spacing. Although numbers of AWG structure have been designed and implemented, the presented work is considered to be the first that based on BCB polymer

Design and Analysis of a Multiband Koch Fractal Monopole Antenna

This work presents the design and investigation of the monopole and Koch fractal antenna. The fractal concept and geometry has been used in antenna design to obtain multi-band behavior and miniaturized size, as both of these characteristics are important requirements in current antenna design trends. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the antenna performance between monopole antenna and third iteration Koch fractal antenna. Antenna properties such as reflection coefficient (S11), bandwidth, gain and radiation pattern are analyzed and discussed in this paper. The result shows that both antennas can operate well at respective designed resonances. However, the third iteration Koch fractal antenna is also proven to be advantageous over the planar monopole – more number of resonant frequencies, larger bandwidth and smaller size.status: publishe

Assessment of worn textile antennas\u27 exposure on the physiological parameters and well-being of adults

This paper presents the assessment of short-term wireless body area network (WBAN) exposure, which is operated at the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band (2.45 GHz) in the vicinity of the human body. The experiment utilizes two popular textile antenna topologies, a planar monopole and a patch antenna as the radiating sources. The objective of this experiment is to investigate whether the exposure from WBAN may influence the physiological parameters (body temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate) and the well-being of the wearer. Counter-balanced, crossover, and the single-blind method was applied in the experimental setup. P-value is the probability value, under the assumption of no effect or no difference (the null hypothesis) of obtaining a result equal to or more extreme than what was actually observed. If P \u3c0.05, it indicates that P-value will be less than the level of significance. Thus, the null hypothesis (no effect or no difference) can be rejected, and it can be concluded that there exist effects to the respondents. The results showed that there is statistically no significant difference between the active exposure and the Sham (no exposure) which may affect the physiological parameters and well-being of the wearers, with P \u3e0.05, which failed to reject the null hypothesis (no effect)

Design of Single Layered Circular and Rectangular U-Slotted, CPW-Fed Antennas and Arrays for RFID Applications

This work describes the design of high gain, U-slot antennas for RFID 915 MHz (902 – 928 MHz) applications. Four types of antenna were designed, optimized and evaluated – a circular, U-slotted antenna, a rectangular U-slotted antenna, and two 2x1 arrays. All structures are fed using the co-planar waveguide (CPW) feed. Several miniaturization and gain enhancement techniques such as folding, bending and alternative feeding were applied in the course of achieving the required compactness and radiation characteristics. After investigation, a rectangular, single element U-slot antenna was proposed as the most suitable for this application, considering that it provides a reasonable gain, sufficient bandwidth and compactness.status: publishe

A compact dual-band rectenna for ambient RF energy harvesting

A compact broadband ambient RF energy harvester operating from 1800 MHz up to 2.5 GHz is proposed in this paper. This work is motivated by the huge amount of free and continuously available RF energy in the surroundings that can be utilized into useable energy. Harvest performance is investigated using two antennas in this work, a circular polarized and an array antenna. Due to low ambient power densities, a multistage rectifier is utilized to improve the output dc voltage of the proposed system. Measurements indicate the system is capable of harvesting up to 1.8 Vdc output from nondedicated ambient RF energy sources in an urban area, which is significant in the absence of other energy sources

Higher-Order-Mode Triple Band Circularly Polarized Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna

The paper presents a triband circular polarized rectangular dielectric resonator antenna. A single coaxial cable feeds the DRA to a double stub strip on the DRA side. A patch strip coupled to the feed assists in widening the bandwidth of the proposed DRA. The degenerate mode pair TE∂11x and higher-TE∂23x has been excited to achieve CP and enhance the antenna gain. The higher-order mode has been excited using a low-cost simple excitation mechanism without compromising on the size and shape of the DRA. An impedance bandwidth of 48% with a gain ~6–9 dBic was achieved in all resonance frequencies. Additionally, the AR bandwidth of 5.5%, 4.2%, and 2.76% was obtained at three different frequencies. Note that the proposed DRA exhibits a wide beamwidth of 112o, which is good for better signal reception. A comparison between the measured with simulated results shows that the measured results are matched by the simulated result trends