Symptom Differences by Gender for Outpatient Clients as Measured by the SCL-90-R

It has been well accepted that women demonstrate a significantly higher prev-alence for mood disorders than their male counterparts. This study included the administration of the Symptom-Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R) over the course of a one-month period to a sample (n = 243) of females (66%) and males (34%) receiving treatment from an outpatient community mental health clinic. Descriptive statistics, a MANOVA, and subsequent ANOVAs revealed that women scored higher on every sub-scale of the SCL-90-R, except the psychoticism sub-scale, however, only the difference on the somatization sub-scale was statistically significant. Implications of these results for mental health providers are explored

Association of FTO With Obesity-Related Traits in the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (CLHNS) Cohort

OBJECTIVE—The underlying genetic component of obesity-related traits is not well understood, and there is limited evidence to support genetic association shared across multiple studies, populations, and environmental contexts. The present study investigated the association between candidate variants and obesity-related traits in a sample of 1,886 adult Filipino women from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (CLHNS) cohort

A Dietary Assessment of Mid-Spectrum Chronic Kidney Disease

Diets of adult individuals with mid-spectrum (stages III and IV) Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) remain understudied. The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans food patterns based on the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) in concert with the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF KDOQI) guidelines are advised to individuals with CKD. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) remains the best method for tracking CKD progression, yet relationships between self-reported dietary intake and eGFR are understudied. PURPOSE: To assess the self-reported dietary pattern in patients with stage III or IV CKD in contrast to the RDA and NKF KDOQI dietary guidelines and to identify correlates of eGFR. METHODS: Twenty participants with stage III or IV CKD [n = 6 male (M); n = 14 female (F)]; age 62.0 ± 9.9 years; weight 80.9 ± 16.2 kg; body fat 37.3 ± 8.5% of weight; eGFR 51.5 ± 6.82 mL/min/1.73m2) completed self-reported dietary assessments for an average of 5 days. Diet was assessed using the ESHA Food Processor Software, Version 11.1. Micro- and macronutrient analyses for males and females were compared to the RDA and NKF KDOQI guidelines to identify malnutrition. T-tests were used to test the difference in eGFR between genders and bivariate correlation analyses were used to identify correlates of eGFR, p-values were considered significant at the α = 0.05 level. RESULTS: On average, all subjects met the RDA and NKF KDOQI guidelines for caloric intake. Average consumption of saturated fat (F = 24.3 ± 10.8g, M = 34.1 ± 6.0g), sodium (F = 3780 ± 2510mg, M = 4210 ± 386mg) and protein (F = 65.0 ± 23.5g, M = 107.3 ± 27.3g) was higher than the recommendations while the average consumption of fiber (F = 13.6 ± 4.1g, M = 14.8 ± 7.3g), calcium (F = 573 ± 325mg, M = 720 ± 224mg), potassium (F = 240 ± 1800mg, M = 940 ± 492mg) and phosphorous (F = 628 ± 1320mg, M = 425 ± 314mg) was low. On average, males had a higher eGFR than females (t = -2.40, p = 0.03). Age, body fat percentage, weight, cholesterol, calcium intake, protein intake, and daily caloric intake were not found to be significantly correlated with eGFR. CONCLUSION: When compared to the RDA and NKF KDOQI guidelines, individuals with mid-spectrum CKD had poor nutritional quality. Female gender was correlated with reduced eGFR. Future interventions in individuals with mid-spectrum CKD should look to improve diet quality to align with clinical guidelines and prevent progression to end-stage renal disease

Does lower birth order amplify the association between high socioeconomic status and central adiposity in young adult Filipino males?

ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that lower birth order amplifies the positive association between socioeconomic status and central adiposity in young adult males from a lower-income, developing country context.DesignThe Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey is an ongoing community-based, observational study of a one year birth cohort (1983).Subjects970 young adult males, mean age 21.5 y (2005).MeasurementsCentral adiposity measured by waist circumference; birth order; perinatal maternal characteristics including height, arm fat area, age, and smoking behavior; socioeconomic status at birth and in young adulthood.ResultsLower birth order was associated with higher waist circumference and increased odds of high waist circumference, even after adjustment for socioeconomic status in young adulthood, and maternal characteristics that could impact later offspring adiposity. Furthermore, the positive association between socioeconomic status and central adiposity was amplified in individuals characterized by lower birth order.ConclusionsThis research has failed to reject the mismatch hypothesis, which posits that maternal constraint of fetal growth acts to program developing physiology in a manner that increases susceptibility to the obesogenic effects of modern environments

Quantifying the urban environment: A scale measure of urbanicity outperforms the urban–rural dichotomy

The rapid urbanization of the developing world has important consequences for human health. Although several authorities have called for better research on the relationships between urbanicity and health, most researchers still use a poor measurement of urbanicity, the urban-rural dichotomy. Our goal was to construct a scale of urbanicity using community level data from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey. We used established scale development methods to validate the new measure and tested its performance against the dichotomy. The new scale illustrated misclassification by the urban-rural dichotomy, and was able to detect differences in urbanicity, both between communities and across time, that were not apparent before. Furthermore, using a continuous measure of urbanicity allowed for better illustrations of the relationships between urbanicity and health. The new scale is a better measure of urbanicity than the traditionally used urban-rural dichotomy

Maternal Characteristics and Perception of Temperament Associated With Infant TV Exposure

This study examines the development of television (TV) behaviors across the first 18 months of life and identifies maternal and infant predictors of infant TV exposure

Association of socioeconomic status change between infancy and adolescence, and blood pressure, in South African young adults: Birth to Twenty Cohort

ObjectiveSocial epidemiology models suggest that socioeconomic status (SES) mobility across the life course affects blood pressure. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between SES change between infancy and adolescence, and blood pressure, in young adults, and the impact of early growth on this relationship.SettingData for this study were obtained from a ‘Birth to Twenty’ cohort in Soweto, Johannesburg, in South Africa.ParticipantsThe study included 838 Black participants aged 18 years who had household SES measures in infancy and at adolescence, anthropometry at 0, 2, 4 and 18 years of age and blood pressure at the age of 18 years.MethodsWe computed SES change using asset-based household SES in infancy and during adolescence as an exposure variable, and blood pressure and hypertension status as outcomes. Multivariate linear and logistic regressions were used to investigate the associations between SES change from infancy to adolescence, and age, height and sex-specific blood pressure and hypertension prevalence after adjusting for confounders.ResultsCompared to a persistent low SES, an upward SES change from low to high SES tertile between infancy and adolescence was significantly associated with lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) at the age of 18 years (β=−4.85; 95% CI −8.22 to −1.48; p<0.01; r2=0.1804) after adjusting for SES in infancy, small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and weight gain. Associations between SES change and SBP were partly explained by weight gain between birth and the age of 18 years. There was no association between SES mobility and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure or hypertension status.ConclusionsOur study confirms that upward SES change has a protective effect on SBP by the time participants reach young adulthood. Socioeconomic policies and interventions that address inequality may have the potential to reduce cardiovascular disease burden related to BP in later life