The Utilization of Food Elements by Growing Chicks. V. A Comparison of Cottonseed Meal and Linseed Oil Meal as Portions of the Protein Concentrate

1. Two lots of newly hatched chicks were fed rations differing only in five per cent of their make-up. In the ration of one lot five parts of linseed oil meal were added to 95 parts of the base, and in the other ration a mixture of 4.5 parts of cottonseed meal and 0.5 part of starch was added, to keep the protein level the same. The remaining portions of the two concentrates were made up of five parts each of meat scraps and fish meal. 2. The amounts of feed consumed by all chicks of both lots were kept identical by hand feeding all chicks equal amounts daily. 3. The compositions of the chicks at the end of six weeks\u27 feeding trial were determined, and the compositions of the gains calculated. 4. The lot fed cottonseed meal made slightly better gains per unit of feed and nitrogen fed. 5. The retention of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus was slightly higher for the lot fed cottonseed meal

The Utilization of Food Elements by Growing Chicks. IV. Meat Meal and Fish Meal Compared with Meat Meal, Fish Meal, and Soybean Meal as Protein Concentrates

1. Two groups of 15 newly hatched chicks were fed rations differing in the composition of the protein concentrates. One lot received ration 2MFX, in which the concentrate was a mixture of meat meal and fish meal. In ration 3MFSX one-third of the meat and fish meals was replaced by soybean meal. The protein levels of the concentrates and of the rations as fed, were identical. 2. The composition of the chicks at the end of the feeding trial was determined, and the composition of the gains calculated. 3. The gain in live weight per gram of nitrogen or dry matter fed was practically identical in the two lots. 4. The retention of nitrogen by the chicks of the two lots was not significantly different. 5. The variation within lots was as great as that between lots; hence the slight variations in the retention of calcium and phosphorus were not judged significant

The Utilization of Food Elements by Growing Chicks. VII. A Comparison of Corn and Kalo in a Ration for Growing Chicks

1. The effect of replacing 31 per cent of ground corn in a ration by 31 per cent of ground kalo was studied in a growth and body-analysis experiment with two lots of newly hatched chicks. 2. The amounts of feed consumed by all chicks of both lots were kept identical by hand-feeding equal amounts of the pelleted rations daily. 3. There were no significant differences in the growth rate or composition of the chicks at the end of a six weeks\u27 feeding trial

The Utilization of Food Elements by Growing Chicks. I. A Comparison of Protein Concentrates from Animal and Vegetable Sources

1. The effects of adding to a basal ration, protein concentrates from animal and vegetable sources were studied by means of growth and body-analysis experiments. 2. There was a small increase in the nitrogen content of the chicks fed the animal protein concentrate, but no differences appeared between lots with respect to their content of calcium and phosphorus. 3. The percentage rate of gain and the gain per gram of nitrogen fed were greater in the lot fed the animal protein concentrate. 4. The lot fed the animal protein concentrate retained more of the nitrogen fed, but less of the calcium and phosphorus fed than did the lot fed vegetable protein concentrate

The Effect of Variation in the Calcium-to-Phosphorus Ratio on the Utilization of Nitrogen, Calcium, and Phosphorus by the Growing Chick

1. Three groups totaling 123 chicks were fed accurately known amounts of rations containing 0.9, 1.5, and 2.3 per cent of calcium with liberal provision of the antirachitic factor so that conditions for assimilation and deposition were favorable. 2. By means of the comparative slaughter test the retention of ingested nitrogen was found to be about 37 per cent, and that of phosphorus about 28 per cent in the three lots. 3. With 0.9 per cent calcium in the ration, 35 per cent of that ingested was retained; at a level of 1.5 per cent calcium, 24 per cent was retained, while with 2.3 per cent of calcium ingested but 13 per cent was retained

The Utilization of Food Elements by Growing Chicks. VII. A Comparison of Corn and Kalo in a Ration for Growing Chicks

1. The effect of replacing 31 per cent of ground corn in a ration by 31 per cent of ground kalo was studied in a growth and body-analysis experiment with two lots of newly hatched chicks. 2. The amounts of feed consumed by all chicks of both lots were kept identical by hand-feeding equal amounts of the pelleted rations daily. 3. There were no significant differences in the growth rate or composition of the chicks at the end of a six weeks\u27 feeding trial

The Utilization of Food Elements by Growing Chicks. II. A Comparison of Protein Concentrates from Single and Multiple Sources

1. The effect of adding to a basal ration a protein concentrate consisting of meat scraps alone was compared with one made up of a mixture of meat scraps, fish meal, and dried buttermilk by means of growth and body-analysis experiments. 2. The percentages of nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus contained in the chicks of the lot fed the mixture of three proteins were slightly higher than those found in the lot fed meat scraps as the concentrate. 3. The percentage rate of gain and the gain per gram of nitrogen fed were greater in the lot fed the mixture of proteins as the concentrate. 4. The retention of nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus was greater by the chicks of the lot fed the mixture of meat scraps, fish meal, and dried buttermilk

Attitudes of a Multiethnic Group of Immigrants towards Online Social Networking and Physical Activity: Results from Focus Group Discussions

Background and Purpose: Sedentary behavior contributes to the risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease. Increasing physical activity is particularly important for new immigrants to the U.S., since the risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease increases with acculturation to U.S. society. This study examined facilitators and barriers of using social media to provide information on physical activity, perceptions of the benefits of physical activity, and barriers to physical activity in low English proficiency immigrants in a New England city. Methods: Three focus groups were conducted to collect information from 25 adults in a New England city (Mean= 47.7+13.2 year, 68% female, 64% Asian). Results: Participants reported using social media to connect with family and friends, rather than to make new social connections. Barriers to social media use included access and privacy concerns. While the participants believed physical activity was necessary for health, they identified a number of barriers to exercise, including lack of access to exercise facilities, financial issues, and information on safe and effective ways to exercise. Conclusion: Using social media may be a convenient way to provide information about physical activity to low English proficiency immigrants, but researchers need to address the barriers to utilizing social media and engaging in physical activity

The Utilization of Food Elements by Growing Chicks. IV. Meat Meal and Fish Meal Compared with Meat Meal, Fish Meal, and Soybean Meal as Protein Concentrates

1. Two groups of 15 newly hatched chicks were fed rations differing in the composition of the protein concentrates. One lot received ration 2MFX, in which the concentrate was a mixture of meat meal and fish meal. In ration 3MFSX one-third of the meat and fish meals was replaced by soybean meal. The protein levels of the concentrates and of the rations as fed, were identical. 2. The composition of the chicks at the end of the feeding trial was determined, and the composition of the gains calculated. 3. The gain in live weight per gram of nitrogen or dry matter fed was practically identical in the two lots. 4. The retention of nitrogen by the chicks of the two lots was not significantly different. 5. The variation within lots was as great as that between lots; hence the slight variations in the retention of calcium and phosphorus were not judged significant

The Utilization of Food Elements by Growing Chicks. II. A Comparison of Protein Concentrates from Single and Multiple Sources

1. The effect of adding to a basal ration a protein concentrate consisting of meat scraps alone was compared with one made up of a mixture of meat scraps, fish meal, and dried buttermilk by means of growth and body-analysis experiments. 2. The percentages of nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus contained in the chicks of the lot fed the mixture of three proteins were slightly higher than those found in the lot fed meat scraps as the concentrate. 3. The percentage rate of gain and the gain per gram of nitrogen fed were greater in the lot fed the mixture of proteins as the concentrate. 4. The retention of nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus was greater by the chicks of the lot fed the mixture of meat scraps, fish meal, and dried buttermilk