Alive Human Detection Robot for Rescue Operation

In the current technological world, the technologies are evolving day by day. In the modern world, there is continuous development of skyscraper buildings & dwellings, which increases the risk of losing life by natural calamities and man-made disasters. During earthquakes, landslides, and building collapse, a lot of times, humans are trapped under debris and it becomes impossible to detect their presence by the rescue team. There are some cases where it is impossible for rescue teams to reach certain locations in affected areas. The Proposed system is a raspberry pi based human detection robot, which is used to detect live human beings trapped under debris in a affected environment. The robot navigates through the zigzag path and it is controlled by an android application. The set of sensors assembled to the raspberry pi are Microwave radar sensor, Ultrasonic sensor, Temperature sensor and Gas sensor. The Microwave radar sensor is also used to detect the human being behind the obstacle. The Temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature and Gas sensor is used for gas leakage respectively. And the camera module is used to analyze the current scenario

Elucidating the interactive impact of tillage, residue retention and system intensification on pearl millet yield stability and biofortification under rainfed agro-ecosystems

Micronutrient malnutrition and suboptimal yields pose significant challenges in rainfed cropping systems worldwide. To address these issues, the implementation of climate-smart management strategies such as conservation agriculture (CA) and system intensification of millet cropping systems is crucial. In this study, we investigated the effects of different system intensification options, residue management, and contrasting tillage practices on pearl millet yield stability, biofortification, and the fatty acid profile of the pearl millet. ZT systems with intercropping of legumes (cluster bean, cowpea, and chickpea) significantly increased productivity (7–12.5%), micronutrient biofortification [Fe (12.5%), Zn (4.9–12.2%), Mn (3.1–6.7%), and Cu (8.3–16.7%)], protein content (2.2–9.9%), oil content (1.3%), and fatty acid profile of pearl millet grains compared to conventional tillage (CT)-based systems with sole cropping. The interactive effect of tillage, residue retention, and system intensification analyzed using GGE statistical analysis revealed that the best combination for achieving stable yields and micronutrient fortification was residue retention in both (wet and dry) seasons coupled with a ZT pearl millet + cowpea–mustard (both with and without barley intercropping) system. In conclusion, ZT combined with residue recycling and legume intercropping can be recommended as an effective approach to achieve stable yield levels and enhance the biofortification of pearl millet in rainfed agroecosystems of South Asia

Impact of gamma irradiation on growth, yield and physiological attributes of maize

116-122Feeding the increasing global population with adequate supply of cereals for food, particularly with limited agricultural area, is a challenging task. In this context, emphasis on enhancing food producing processes gains attention. Gamma irradiation, up to certain doses, is known to improve crop yield without using chemical fertilizers. Among the cereals, maize is an important crop, which accounts for 9% of total food grain production. Here, we presumed that gamma ray pretreatment to maize seeds would be beneficial and boost the maize productivity and yield. In this study, we conducted field experiments to assess the gamma irradiation induced effect on seedling emergence, plant growth, yield and yield attributes of maize (HQPM-1). Grains of maize were exposed to gamma radiation doses ranging from 0.0025, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 0.50, 1.0 and 2.0 kGy with the help of 60Co γ-radiation source facility available in the Centre. The germination of irradiated seeds was assessed in an incubator chamber and the irradiated seeds were sown in the field during kharif (July-October) 2013 and 2014 seasons at the IARI, New Delhi,  research farm. The germination was >90% up to 0.1 kGy dose, beyond which, germination of seeds in the incubator as well as in field condition declined significantly. Few seedlings still came out from relatively higher doses of gamma irradiation (>0.5 kGy). However, these seedlings could not survive more than seven days. Results of present study indicated that plant growth parameters, such as plant height, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, leaf area index at ‘tasseling’ as well as at ‘silking’ stage affected positively at lower doses (-1), grains (cob-1) and 100 grain weights responded positively to the lower doses (≈ 0.1 kGy) of gamma irradiation. Our results indicated improvement in biological yield by 35.2% at 0.1 kGy as compared to the control (00 kGy). However, maximum reduction (33%) was recorded at 0.5 kGy. Similarly, grain yield (ton ha-1) was improved by 8.3% at 0.1 kGy as compared to the control, but reduced the most by 56.9% at 0.5 kGy compared to the respective control

Seed Dormancy Dynamics and Germination Characteristics of <i>Malva parviflora</i> L.

Little mallow (Malva parviflora L.) is a notorious weed that causes substantial yield losses in winter crops. For effective weed management and seed testing, a deeper understanding of seed dormancy, germination behavior, and dormancy-breaking methods is necessary. Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of seed treatments, i.e., mechanical scarification, acid scarification, hot water treatment, and different germinating temperatures, i.e., 15 °C, 20 °C, or alternating 15–20 °C (16/8 h), on the seed dormancy in M.parviflora. A large proportion of M. parviflora seeds were physically dormant, with just 10.90% germination. Seed treatments had a significant influence on seed germination, seedling dry weight, vigor index, and water absorption (p ≤ 0.01). Among the various treatments, mechanical scarification enhanced germination by 32%, the vigor index by 487% and water uptake by 34%, and decreased percent hard seeds by 34%. Among the various germination temperatures, alternating 15–20 °C temperatures (16/8 h) gave the most significant result for germination and the lowest percent hard seeds. The findings of this study will serve as a valuable reference for seed testing and the development of suitable weed control strategies for M. parviflora

No-Tillage with Residue Retention and Foliar Sulphur Nutrition Enhances Productivity, Mineral Biofortification and Crude Protein in Rainfed Pearl Millet under Typic Haplustepts: Elucidating the Responses Imposed on an Eight-Year Long-Term Experiment

Yield limitation and widespread sulphur (S) deficiency in pearl-millet-nurturing dryland soils has emerged as a serious threat to crop productivity and quality. Among diverse pathways to tackle moisture and nutrient stress in rainfed ecologies, conservation agriculture (CA) and foliar nutrition have the greatest potential due to their economic and environmentally friendly nature. Therefore, to understand ammonium thiosulphate (ATS)-mediated foliar S nutrition effects on yield, protein content, mineral biofortification, and sulphur economy of rainfed pearl millet under diverse crop establishment systems, a field study was undertaken. The results highlighted that pearl millet grain and protein yield was significantly higher under no-tillage +3 t/ha crop residue mulching (NTCRM) as compared to no-tillage without mulch (NoTill) and conventional tillage (ConvTill), whereas the stover yield under NTCRM and ConvTill remained at par. Likewise, grain and stover yield in foliar S application using ATS 10 mL/L_twice was 19.5% and 13.2% greater over no S application. The sulphur management strategy of foliar-applied ATS 10 mL/L_twice resulted in significant improvement in grain protein content, protein yield, micronutrient fortification, and net returns (₹ 54.6 × 1000) over the control. Overall, ATS-mediated foliar S nutrition can be an alternate pathway to S management in pearl millet for yield enhancement, micronutrient biofortification and grain protein content increase under ConvTill, as well as under the new NTCRM systems