Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Cellular Toxicity in Liver and Intestine Cell Lines

Purpose: The wide application of cupric oxide nanoparticles (copper (II) oxide, CuO-NPs) in various fields has increased exposure to the kind of active nanomaterials, which can cause negative effects on human and environment health. Although CuO-NPs were reported to be harmful to human, there is still a lack information related to their toxic potentials. In the present study, the toxic potentials of CuO-NPs were evaluated in the liver (HepG2 hepatocarcinoma) and intestine (Caco-2 colorectal adenocarcinoma) cells

Determination of Perflourooctanoic Acid Toxicity in a Human Hepatocarcinoma Cell Line

© Pure EarthBackground. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is used in different industrial and commercial products. Research shows the presence of PFOA in home dusts, tap and surface water, and in biological samples. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified PFOA as a possible carcinogen for humans. The liver is thought to be a target organ of PFOA accumulation and toxicity. Objective. Some studies have found toxic effects on the liver and related mechanisms; however, more studies are needed to better understand PFOA -induced hepatotoxicity. Methods. In the present study, a human hepatocarcinoma cell line was exposed to PFOA for 24 hours and cell viability, apoptosis, the oxidative system and immune response were evaluated. Results. While apoptosis was the main cell death pathway at low concentration (86.5%), the necrotic cell fraction increased with higher concentrations (46.7%). Significant changes in the reactive oxygen species (5.3-folds) glutathione (GSH) (1.7-folds) and catalase (CAT) (1.4-folds) levels were observed, as well as changes to interleukin-6 (≤1.8-fold) and interleukin-8 levels (35-40%). Conclusions. In light of the data, PFOA is potentially hepatotoxic through the investigated pathways. The results represent a background for future in vivo mechanistic studies. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests

Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Oxidative DNA Damage and Apoptosis in Kidney Cell Line (NRK-52E)

Increasing use of nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles in different applications results in high occupational and environmental exposure to them. However, the effect of NiO nanoparticles on human health is still poorly documented. It was aimed to investigate the toxic potentials of NiO nanoparticles on NRK-52E kidney epithelial cells. The following assays were used: the nanoparticle characterization by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS); the determination of cellular uptake and morphologic changes by TEM and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS); MTT and neutral red uptake (NRU) assays for cytotoxicity; comet assay for genotoxicity; the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), protein carbonyl (PC) and glutathione (GSH) levels by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assays (ELISA) for the potential of oxidative damage; and Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection assay with propidium iodide (PI) for apoptosis. The nanoparticles were taken up by the cells and induced dose-dependent DNA damage by comet assay and oxidative damage evidenced by increasing levels of MDA, 8-OHdG, PC and depletion of GSH. At >= 294.0 mu g/mL concentration, NiO nanoparticles caused 50% inhibition in cell viability by the cytotoxicity assays. Also, they showed apoptotic/necrotic effects on the cells as well as some morphological changes. We have indicated that their cellular damage effects should raise concern about the safety associated with their applications in consumer products

Effects of boric acid on cell death and oxidative stress of mouse TM3 Leydig cells in vitro

Background: Boron (B) is an abundant element on earth and presents at physiological pH in the form of boric acid (BA). It has both positive and negative effects on biological systems. BA and sodium borates have been considered as being toxic to the reproduction system in animal experiments. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanism underlying the toxic effects of BA is not fully understood

Cytotoxic, Genotoxic, and Apoptotic Effects of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles in Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Objectives: The superior properties of nickel oxide-nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) have led to their wide use in various fields. However, there is little comprehensive knowledge about their toxicity, especially after oral exposure. The toxic effect of NiO-NPs of mean size 15.0 nm was investigated in Caco-2 (human intestinal epithelial) cells as no study has been performed on their intestinal toxicity