3 research outputs found

    Seaweeds agarophytes and associated epiphytic bacteria along Alexandria coastline, Egypt, with emphasis on the evaluation and extraction of agar and agarose

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    A survey of seaweeds along Alexandria coastline was carried out to choose a suitable agarophyte for extraction and evaluation of the agar and agarose substances, in addition to estimate and identify the epiphytic bacteria associated with these seaweeds which are capable of secreting package of hydrolytic enzymes and hence degrading algal cell walls successfully. A total of 13 algal samples were collected during spring 2012. There were 2 Rhodophytes species; Gelidium crinale and Pterocladiella capillacea, which can be exploited for agar and agarose production. Nine dominant bacterial isolates were associated with the different algal samples; they were identified at genus level as; Alcaligenes sp., Bordetella sp., Acinetobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp.1, Pseudomonas sp.2, Pseudomonas sp.3, Flavobacterium sp., Vibrio sp. and Vigribacillus sp. The most superior species able to secrete a package of degrading enzymes was Vigribacillus sp. that was isolated from P. capillacea harvested from Western Harbor. The total carbohydrate, lipid and protein contents were determined in both P. capillacea and its agar, and in Oxoid agar (a reference commercial material). Some metals (copper, cadmium, lead, zinc, nickel, chrome, ferrous, manganese and arsenic) were also estimated in the 3 mentioned samples. The gel strength, gelling temperature and melting temperature besides the clarity and viscosity of extracted and Oxoid agars showed different patterns. The sulphate content of the extracted agar was slightly higher than that of Oxoid agar, while the pyruvate content showed inverse pattern. The extracted agar FTIR spectrum indicated methylated group, which proved that the agar extracted from P. capillacea is a highly methylated polysaccharide resulting in high gellation.Se realiz贸 un estudio de algas marinas en la costa de Alejandr铆a para seleccionar una agar贸fita adecuada para la extracci贸n y evaluaci贸n de las sustancias de agar y agarosa, adem谩s de estimar e identificar las bacterias epifitas asociadas con estas algas capaces de secretar paquetes de enzimas hidrol铆ticas degradantes de paredes celulares de algas. Un total de 13 muestras de algas se recolectaron durante primavera del 2012. Del total se obtuvieron 2 especies de Rhodophyta; Gelidium crinale y Pterocladiella capillacea, las cuales pueden ser explotadas para la producci贸n de agar y agarosa. Se encontraron un total de 9 g茅neros de aislados bacterianos dominantes asociados con las diferentes muestras de algas. Estos fueron identificados como; Alcaligenes sp., Bordetella sp., Acinetobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp.1, Pseudomonas sp.2, Pseudomonas sp.3, Flavobacterium sp., Vibrio sp. y Vigribacillus sp. La especie con mayor capacidad de secretar un paquete de enzimas degradantes fue Vigribacillus sp. que fue aislada de P. capillacea cosechado en Western Harbor. Los hidratos de carbono, l铆pidos y prote铆nas totales se determinaron tanto en P. capillacea, como en el agar extraido, y agar Oxoid (material comercial de referencia). Adem谩s se estimaron algunos metales (cobre, cadmio, plomo, zinc, n铆quel, cromo, hierro, manganeso y ars茅nico) en las 3 muestras mencionadas. La resistencia de gel, temperatura de gelificaci贸n y fusi贸n, adem谩s de la claridad y viscosidad de los extractos y agares Oxoid mostraron diferentes patrones. El contenido de sulfato del agar extra铆do fue ligeramente mayor que la de agar Oxoid, mientras que el contenido de piruvato mostr贸 patr贸n inverso. El espectro FTIR del agar extra铆do indic贸 grupo metilado, lo que sugiere que el agar extra铆do de P. capillacea es un polisac谩rido altamente metilado por tanto de una alta gelificaci贸n

    A First Report of Molecular Typing, Virulence Traits, and Phenotypic and Genotypic Resistance Patterns of Newly Emerging XDR and MDR <i>Aeromonas veronii</i> in <i>Mugil seheli</i>

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    Aeromonas veronii is associated with substantial economic losses in the fish industry and with food-borne illness in humans. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, antibiogram profiles, sequence analysis, virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes, and pathogenicity of A. veronii recovered from Mugil seheli. A total of 80 fish were randomly gathered from various private farms in Suez Province, Egypt. Subsequently, samples were subjected to clinical, post-mortem, and bacteriological examinations. The retrieved isolates were tested for sequence analysis, antibiogram profile, pathogenicity, and PCR detection of virulence and resistance genes. The prevalence of A. veronii in the examined M. seheli was 22.5 % (18/80). The phylogenetic analyses revealed that the tested A. veronii strains shared high genetic similarity with other A. veronii strains from India, UK, and China. Using PCR it was revealed that the retrieved A. veronii isolates harbored the aerA, alt, ser, ompAII, act, ahp, and nuc virulence genes with prevalence of 100%, 82.9%, 61.7%, 55.3%, 44.7%, 36.17%, and 29.8%, respectively. Our findings revealed that 29.8% (14/47) of the retrieved A. veronii strains were XDR to nine antimicrobial classes and carried blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV,tetA, aadA1, and sul1 resistance genes. Likewise, 19.1% (9/47) of the obtained A. veronii strains were MDR to eight classes and possessed blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV,tetA, aadA1, and sul1 genes. The pathogenicity testing indicated that the mortality rates positively correlated with the prevalence of virulence-determinant genes. To our knowledge, this is the first report to reveal the occurrence of XDR and MDR A. veronii in M. seheli, an emergence that represents a risk to public health. Emerging XDR and MDR A. veronii in M. seheli frequently harbored aerA, alt, ser, ompAII, and act virulence genes, and blaTEM, sul1, tetA, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and aadA1 resistance genes
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