Characteristics of stillbirths, neonatal deaths and survivors to age 3 months among pregnancies in Kishoreganj, Bangladesh.

<p>^a Follow-up questionnaire administered to survivors at 3-months of age did not ascertain this information</p

Socio-demographic and antenatal characteristics associated with stillbirths and neonatal deaths in rural Bangladesh – results of bivariable and multivariable regression analyses.

<p>OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence intervals; aOR, adjusted odds ratio</p><p>^a P-value resulting from bivariable logistic regression</p><p>^b P-value resulting from multivariable logistic regression</p><p>^c Not included in multivariable model as bivariable p-value > 0.2</p><p>^d Excluded from final multivariable model as p-value > 0.05</p

Specific causes of perinatal deaths in two sub-districts of rural Bangladesh, as assigned by verbal autopsy.

<p>Specific causes of perinatal deaths in two sub-districts of rural Bangladesh, as assigned by verbal autopsy.</p

Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of multivariable models identifying risk factors for stillbirth and neonatal death in rural Bangladesh.

<p>^a Stillbirth model only included history of bleeding during pregnancy </p><p>^b Neonatal death model included number of meals/day and history of bleeding during pregnancy</p

Summary results of ALS in blood (using an optical density ≥ 0.60 as a positive cut-off and < 0.38 as a negative cut-off), confirmed TB, non-confirmed TB, and not TB in children under five with suspected pneumonia and severe malnutrition.

<p>Summary results of ALS in blood (using an optical density ≥ 0.60 as a positive cut-off and < 0.38 as a negative cut-off), confirmed TB, non-confirmed TB, and not TB in children under five with suspected pneumonia and severe malnutrition.</p

Determinants of severe dehydration from diarrheal disease at hospital presentation: Evidence from 22 years of admissions in Bangladesh

<div><p>Background</p><p>To take advantage of emerging opportunities to reduce morbidity and mortality from diarrheal disease, we need to better understand the determinants of life-threatening severe dehydration (SD) in resource-poor settings.</p><p>Methodology/findings</p><p>We analyzed records of patients admitted with acute diarrheal disease over twenty-two years at the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (1993–2014). Patients presenting with and without SD were compared by multivariable logistic regression models, which included socio-demographic factors and pathogens isolated. Generalized additive models evaluated non-linearities between age or household income and SD. Among 55,956 admitted patients, 13,457 (24%) presented with SD. <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> was the most common pathogen isolated (12,405 patients; 22%), and had the strongest association with SD (AOR 4.77; 95% CI: 4.41–5.51); detection of multiple pathogens did not exacerbate SD risk. The highest proportion of severely dehydrated patients presented in a narrow window only 4–12 hours after symptom onset. Risk of presenting with SD increased sharply from zero to ten years of age and remained high throughout adolescence and adulthood. Adult women had a 38% increased odds (AOR 1.38; 95% CI: 1.30–1.46) of SD compared to adult men. The probability of SD increased sharply at low incomes. These findings were consistent across pathogens.</p><p>Conclusions/significance</p><p>There remain underappreciated populations vulnerable to life-threatening diarrheal disease that include adult women and the very poor. In addition to efforts that address diarrheal disease in young children, there is a need to develop interventions for these other high-risk populations that are accessible within 4 hours of symptom onset.</p></div

Characteristics of post-discharge deaths: timing of death and verbal autopsy findings.

<p>*For the 7 deaths without verbal autopsy information, deaths were confirmed by relatives or neighbors when given home address was visited, but the family had moved house and were unable to be contacted or declined further contact with the study team.</p><p>Characteristics of post-discharge deaths: timing of death and verbal autopsy findings.</p

Flowchart of enrolment, investigations and outcome.

<p>Flowchart of enrolment, investigations and outcome.</p

Results of smear and Xpert in relation to mycobacterial culture results.

<p>Results of smear and Xpert in relation to mycobacterial culture results.</p

Baseline characteristics of study participants according to diagnostic groups.

<p>Baseline characteristics of study participants according to diagnostic groups.</p