Paclitaxel’s Mechanistic and Clinical Effects on Breast Cancer

Paclitaxel (PTX), the most widely used anticancer drug, is applied for the treatment of various types of malignant diseases. Mechanisms of PTX action represent several ways in which PTX affects cellular processes resulting in programmed cell death. PTX is frequently used as the first-line treatment drug in breast cancer (BC). Unfortunately, the resistance of BC to PTX treatment is a great obstacle in clinical applications and one of the major causes of death associated with treatment failure. Factors contributing to PTX resistance, such as ABC transporters, microRNAs (miRNAs), or mutations in certain genes, along with side effects of PTX including peripheral neuropathy or hypersensitivity associated with the vehicle used to overcome its poor solubility, are responsible for intensive research concerning the use of PTX in preclinical and clinical studies. Novelties such as albumin-bound PTX (nab-PTX) demonstrate a progressive approach leading to higher efficiency and decreased risk of side effects after drug administration. Moreover, PTX nanoparticles for targeted treatment of BC promise a stable and efficient therapeutic intervention. Here, we summarize current research focused on PTX, its evaluations in preclinical research and application clinical practice as well as the perspective of the drug for future implication in BC therapy

Land acquisition issues for Jabatan Kerja Raya's road work project

Land acquisition issues for JKR roadwork project has often generate conflict and construction dispute for many years. If the issues can be resolved at earlier stage, this could lead to substantial financial and time savings for the projects. Therefore, this study has been undertaken to review the land acquisition issues for JKR's roadwork projects. The methodology adopted for this study consist of a comprehensive review of literature, interviews with main stakeholders involved in land acquisition issue and questionnaire survey. This study was conducted using the data generated from within JKR personnel as well as other stakeholders, namely the client and consultant which involved in land acquisition stage. The finding of the study found that the major problems related to delay in land acquisition are: multiple owners in one title; owner dissatisfaction with the low compensation amount; slowness in processing the land acquisition matters; delay in removal of the existing structure of the affected land and the old record of land that has been acquired has not been updated by land office. These problems have given negative impacts toward the overall project performance such as: time and cost overrun; loss and expense claim; delay in the relocation of utility services and additional cost for rental of land. This study also determined several strategies and recommendation for improvement towards JKR's roadwork project implementation. Finally, it is hope that the findings from this study will help the JKR to improve the land acquisition process for the development of the project in the future