Photocatalytic activity of Zn0-PEG nanoparticles for palm oil mill secondary effluent (POMSE) treatment

Palm oil mill secondary effluent (POMSE) has a high color intensity, dissolve oxygen, turbidity, and an organic load of BOD which still not achieved the discharged requirement by the Department of Environment (DOE) and led to detrimental to the aquatic life. The photocatalytic degradation process is one of the promising methods in wastewater treatment due to its advantages. However, the study on PMSE treatment using the photocatalytic degradation process in the presence of ZnO-PEG nanoparticles (NPs) is still limited. Therefore, this study reports on the photocatalytic degradation of POMSE by using ZnO-PEG NPs. The ZnO-PEG NPs was characterized by using XRD and FTIR where the results show that there are no impurities present in the samples and presenting the nature and the chemical bonds of ZnO-PEG nanoparticle

Palm oil mill secondary effluent (POMSE) treatment via photocatalysis process in presence of ZnO-PEG nanoparticles

Palm oil mill secondary effluent (POMSE) has high colour intensity, turbidity and organic load of biochemical oxygen demand which still not achieved the discharged requirement by department of environment and led to detrimental to the aquatic life. Photocatalysis process is one of the promising method in wastewater treatment due to its advantages. This study reports on the POMSE treatment using photocatalysis process in presence of ZnO-polyethylene glycol (ZnO-PEG) nanoparticles. The characterization results using fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy show that there are no impurities present in the samples and presenting the nature and chemical bonds of ZnO-PEG besides having less agglomeration and smaller average in size (25–150 nm) compared to commercial ZnO (25–200 nm). ZnO-PEG nanoparticles have a great potential in degradation of POMSE and this is supported with the results obtained from the experimental works. Four potential factors which are different type of (A) photocatalysts, (B) pH of the POMSE, (C) ZnO-PEG loading and (D) concentration of POMSE were evaluated for the significance design of experiment. It is found that all the main factors were significant, with contributions of (A)66%, (B)73%, (C)84% and (D)84% respectively, to the POMSE degradation. Accordingly, the most favorable condition for the photocatalysis degradation process of POMSE is under pH 6.5 in presence of 0.5 g/L ZnO-PEG for the 50% of POMSE dilution. It is believed that this integrated approach can be implemented in the industry to achieve discharged standard of POMSE and maintain the green environment for future generation

Photocatalytic degradation of industrial dye wastewater using zinc oxide polyvinylpyrrolidone nanoparticles

Due to the lack of studies regarding the potential of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as capping agent in precipitation of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, this research focused on the performance of ZnO nanoparticles with presence of PVP loading on photocatalytic degradation treatment for industrial dye wastewater. Three different samples of ZnO-PVP were successfully synthesized via precipitation method. The degradation rate of dye approached 90.61% under pH7 in the presence of ZnO-PVP (0.025g/L of PVP). The chemical bonds in ZnO-PVP was analysed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)

Photocatalytic degradation of palm oil mill secondary effluent

Palm oil industry is one of the industries that has major disposal problem in disposing the lignocelluloic biomass such as oil palm trunks (OPT), oil palm fronds (OPF), empty fruits bunches (EFB) and palm pressed fibres (PPF), palm shells and palm oil mill effluent (POME) [1]. Amongst all waste produced, POME is the most difficult waste to treat due to its high volume generated [2]. POME consists of 95-96% water, 0.6-0.7% of oil and 4-5% and total solid. Although it was said that POME is nontoxic, however the abundance of POME in water stream could lead to oxygen depletion in water stream as POME contains high amount of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) which later on could lead to plant growth in aquatic region. POME also consists of sterilizer condensate, separator sludge and hydrocyclone (DOE 1999). The treatment of POME generally undergo ponding system, open tank digester and extended aeration system, or closed anaerobic digester and land application system. Palm oil mill secondary effluent (POMSE) is the result of treatment of POME and is characterized by having a thick, brownish color and bad odor wastewater. Although POME was claimed to be treated with one of the systems, several studies showed that the POMSE still exceed the standard discharge limit set by both Department of Environment (DOE) Malaysia and Environment Quality Act (EQA) 197

Reusability Performance of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Degradation of POME

Performance and reusability of different zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-PVP and ZnO-PEG) for photocatalytic degradation of palm-mill oil effluent (POME) has been studied. The nanoparticles properties were characterised with fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM results show that ZnO-PEG nanoparticles exhibit the smaller size than ZnO-PVP with less agglomeration. It was found that ZnO-PEG shows better effectiveness than ZnO-PVP in reducing turbidity, colour and increasing the dissolved oxygen (DO). By using two types of reusability methods: (a) oven drying (b) hot water rinsing, the oven drying method portrayed the most efficient route for POME treatment. This research would be a solution to the palm oil industry for photocatalyst recovering as well as reduction of the chemical usage in order to meet the development of advanced and greener technologies