Annual interception loss estimation with a simple equation

This study was designed to evaluate a simple equation to estimate an annual interception lost. To design the equation, the input of the equation was modified to a very high resolution data. Statistical relationship between precipitation, temporal resolution and rainfall intensity was determined. Minimum inputs require to be applied in the equation are annual precipitation and the depth of storage capacity of the selected area. To validate the equation, the equation has been applied to several locations in the world including Malaysia. Performance of the equation was evaluated by BIAS efficienc

Soil remediation for contaminated soil from heavy metals by electrokinetic process / Sabariah Arbai ... [et al.]

Contaminated sites with heavy metals, organic compounds and hazardous materials added with inefficient waste handling techniques, leakages and untreated abandoned mines made enormous impact to groundwater quality, soils and ecosystems. Electro-chemical principle, known as electrokinetic method is a greatly potential treatment of heavy metal in contaminated soils, including soils of low permeable clays (Rutigliano et.al 2008); and groundwater (Cherifi et.al., 2009). (Colletta et.al., 1997) stated that purging liquids of certain pH is important for heavy metal migration and molar concentration, while Fabienne et.al. (1999) stated that temperature mainly influences the ionic velocities with changes in partitioning of heavy metals. The study will identify and evaluate the amount of heavy metals in the collected contaminated soil samples, investigate physical characteristics of soils and relate to the chemical concentration levels of heavy metals, thus recommending the optimum temperature for efficient removal of heavy metals with appropriate pH. In this study, there are two types of specimen, i) site specimen, and ii) prepared specimen. For the site specimen, the physical characteristics and chemical concentration will be identified. For chemical concentration of both site and prepared samples, samples are digested and analyzed using ICP-MS equipment. For the prepared specimen, fresh clay specimen are spiked, compacted of low concentration heavy metals and will be run using electrokinetic under controlled pH and temperature. The purging liquids will be prepared in the electrode reservoirs to provide an appropriately-controlled pH for heavy metals adsorption. The electrokinetic tests will be performed onto 80 prepared spiked samples with initial concentration to a final concentration, each set of 240 hrs duration, temperature set and observed with daily pH monitored and recorded. The removal efficiency for optimal heavy-metal desorption, initial and final pH of the slurry specimen at 5 positions on the test-cell will be recorded, computed and analyzed

Interception loss canopy cover, C formulation theory / Azinoor Azida Abu Bakar … [et al.]

The interception phenomenon is normally considered as one of the losses in hydrological cycle that comes into intention of many hydrologists for several decades. The total amount of interception loss is quite limited in storm events, especially in those which cause flooding. However, it is a very important process from the viewpoints of water resources management and energy exchange near the ground surface. Since the interception losses are geographically variable, there are no established standard field methods especially for the forest-based case studies. Most of the interception models obtained the data from the standard meteorological data, and from the literature, indirect methods and direct methods. But there are many flaws to the methods and the data that makes the model underestimates or overestimates the interception. Clearly, it is important to prepare a good data to determine the interception

The Effects of Saltwater Intrusion to Flood Mitigation Project

The objective of this study is to determine the effects of saltwater intrusion to flood mitigation project located in the flood plains in the district of Muar, Johor. Based on the studies and designs carried out, one of the effective flood mitigation options identified is the Kampung Tanjung Olak bypass and Kampung Belemang bypass at the lower reaches of Sungai Muar. But, the construction of the Kampung Belemang and Tanjung Olak bypass, while speeding up flood discharges, may also increase saltwater intrusion during drought low flows. Establishing the dynamics of flooding, including replicating the existing situation and the performance with prospective flood mitigation interventions, is most effectively accomplished using computer-based modelling tools. The finding of this study shows that to overcome the problem, a barrage should be constructed at Sungai Muar to solve the saltwater intrusion and low yield problem of the river

The Effects of Saltwater Intrusion to Flood Mitigation Project

The objective of this study is to determine the effects of saltwater intrusion to flood mitigation project located in the flood plains in the district of Muar, Johor. Based on the studies and designs carried out, one of the effective flood mitigation options identified is the Kampung Tanjung Olak bypass and Kampung Belemang bypass at the lower reaches of Sungai Muar. But, the construction of the Kampung Belemang and Tanjung Olak bypass, while speeding up flood discharges, may also increase saltwater intrusion during drought low flows. Establishing the dynamics of flooding, including replicating the existing situation and the performance with prospective flood mitigation interventions, is most effectively accomplished using computer-based modelling tools. The finding of this study shows that to overcome the problem, a barrage should be constructed at Sungai Muar to solve the saltwater intrusion and low yield problem of the river