Globalization: it's about time too.

'Globalisierung wird hier als Prozess verstanden mit vielfaeltigen Ursachen und Auspraegungen, mit zeitlichen und raeumlichen Aspekten sowie einer polyzentrischen Natur. Dabei wird Globalisierung weniger als erklaerendes, sondern vielmehr als zu erklaerendes Phaenomen gedeutet. In der gegenwaertigen sozialwissenschaftlichen Analyse wird Globalisierung in Zusammenhang mit oertlichen, raeumlichen und skalaren Veraenderungen gebracht. Wie der Titel dieses Papiers aber andeutet, handelt es sich ebenso um ein zeitbezogenes Phaenomen: Globalisierung wird somit als raeumlich-zeitlicher Prozess verstanden. Die Natur dieses Prozesses, seine Verbindungen mit der Entwicklung kapitalistischer Oekonomien und die Rolle des Staates werden im Fokus dieser Arbeit stehen.' (Autorenreferat)'Globalization here is understood to be a multicentric, multiscalar, multitemporal, multiform, and multicausal process, which has much less of an explanans and more of an explanandum. In recent analysis globalization has been found to be about place, space, and scale. Yet, following its title, this paper argues that it is about time too. In other words, globalization is also a spatio-temporal process. The nature of this process, its relation with the development of capitalist economies and the role of the state, are at the core of this paper.' (author's abstract)German title: Globalisierung: es geht auch um Zeit.Available from http://www.ihs.ac.at/publications/pol/pw 85.pdf / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Forest biomass, carbon neutrality and climate change mitigation. From Science to Policy 3

The Paris Agreement and the EU Climate and Energy Framework set ambitious but necessary targets. Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by phasing out the technologies and infrastructures that cause fossil carbon emissions is one of today’s most important challenges. In the EU, bioenergy is currently the largest renewable energy source used. Most Member States have in absolute terms increased the use of forest biomass for energy to reach their 2020 renewable energy targets.In recent years, the issue of ‘carbon neutrality’ has been debated with regard to the bioenergy products that are produced from forest biomass. There is no clear consensus among scientists on the issue and their messages may even appear contradictory to decision-makers and citizens. Divergence arises because scientists address the issue from different points of view, which can all be valid. It is important to find agreement on some basic principles, to inform policy makers. Guidance is also needed on how the results should be interpreted.This report provides insights into the current scientific debate on forest biomass, carbon neutrality and climate change mitigation. It draws on the science literature to give a balanced and policy-relevant synthesis, from both an EU and global perspective

Forest biomass, carbon neutrality and climate change mitigation. From Science to Policy 3

The Paris Agreement and the EU Climate and Energy Framework set ambitious but necessary targets. Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by phasing out the technologies and infrastructures that cause fossil carbon emissions is one of today’s most important challenges. In the EU, bioenergy is currently the largest renewable energy source used. Most Member States have in absolute terms increased the use of forest biomass for energy to reach their 2020 renewable energy targets.In recent years, the issue of ‘carbon neutrality’ has been debated with regard to the bioenergy products that are produced from forest biomass. There is no clear consensus among scientists on the issue and their messages may even appear contradictory to decision-makers and citizens. Divergence arises because scientists address the issue from different points of view, which can all be valid. It is important to find agreement on some basic principles, to inform policy makers. Guidance is also needed on how the results should be interpreted.This report provides insights into the current scientific debate on forest biomass, carbon neutrality and climate change mitigation. It draws on the science literature to give a balanced and policy-relevant synthesis, from both an EU and global perspective