Optimising Gamma Irradiation Seed Treatment of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Varieties for Potential Future Application in Mutation Breeding

Background: Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a nutritious and healthy seed oil crop with perspective for further improvement through plant breeding. Mutagenesis breeding generates new genetic variation with potentially favorable genetic changes for selection. Gamma irradiation has been applied to mutate sesame and other crops at seed stage. However, a wide range of doses have been applied, which can be ineffective or cause sterilization, and the different seed colors of sesame varieties influences sensitivity to irradiation.Methods: Gamma irradiation equipment was calibrated for low gamma irradiation doses and different treatments were applied to three Turkish sesame varieties with the aim of optimizing treatment. The resulting phenotypic variation of the M0 generation were quantified in terms of seedling and field performance.Results: Negative relationships were found between radiation dose and the measured traits; germination percentage, seedling shoot and root length, branch number, capsule number, capsule length, 100 seed weight, and yield, but not plant height or flowering time. Varieties generally maintained trait differences before and following radiation treatment, but for; germination, root length, branch and capsule number, and capsule length, varieties were affected differently by radiation dose.Conclusions: These results highlight the value of optimizing gamma irradiation dose for sesame according to variety, seed color, and trait, while confirming that doses ranging from 250 to 350 Gy are effective to induce variation for most traits. The treated populations generated in this study will be progressed to later generations to confirm heritable mutations as part of a future plant breeding efforts

Determination the Effects of Different Sowing Time and Plant Densities on Yield and Some Parameters of Second Crop Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under Semi-Arid Climate Conditions

This research was conducted in order to determine the effects of different sowing times and plant densities on yield and some yield components of second crop sesame under semi-arid climate conditions at the GAP Agricultural Research Institute, Talat Demirören Research Station in 2015 and 2016 growing seasons in Şanlıurfa. Arslanbey sesame cv. seeds were used as material and the trial was carried out according to randomized blocks split plots experimental design with 3 replications. The main parcels were consisted of planting times (01 June, 15 June and 01 July), sub-parcels were divided into 2 different inter-row spaces (35 and 70 cm), and sub-sub plots were divided into 4 different intra-row spaces (5, 10, 15 and 20 cm). According to the findings in the study; the number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, oil ratio and seed yield were found statistically significant in terms of planting time in two years. Although the number of capsules per plant, oil ratio and seed yield were found significant in terms of inter-row distances, the number of seeds per capsule were found insignificant. The number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule (except 2016), oil rate and seed yield were found statistically significant in terms of intra-row distances. As a result, it has been determined that the highest seed yields and oil ratio in second crop sesame cultivation obtained from the sowing densities of 35x5 and 35x10 cm in sowing dates of 1 and 15 of June under semi-arid climatic conditions

Determination of some suitable sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes as second crop under Harran Plain conditions

Bu araştırma, bazı susam hatları ile Arslanbey ve Özberk-82 susam çeşitlerinin Harran Ovası koşullarındaki II. ürün performanslarını belirlemek amacıyla, 2010 ve 2011 yetiştirme sezonlarında GAP Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğünün Talat Demirören Araştırma İstasyonunda yürütülmüştür. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Parsellerde; sıra arası mesafe 70 cm, sıra üzeri mesafe ise 15 cm olacak şekilde her parselde 4 sıra ekim yapılmış olup, parsel ebatları 6 x 2.8 m olarak düzenlenmiştir. Denemelerde bitki boyu, bitki başına yan dal sayısı, bitki başına kapsül sayısı, tohum verimi ve 1000 tane ağırlığı gibi bitkisel özelliklere ait gözlemler yapılmıştır. İki yıllık birleşik analizlerde; genotipler arasındaki farklılıklar incelenen tüm bitkisel özelliklerde % 1 seviyesinde önemli bulunmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; en yüksek tohum verimi 1233 kg ha-1 ile Arslanbey çeşidinden elde edilirken, en düşük tohum verimi ise 574 kg ha-1 ile 3 no’lu hattan elde edilmiştir.This research was conducted in order to determine the second crop performances of some sesame lines and varieties of Arslanbey and Özberk-82 under the Harran Plain conditions at the GAP Agricultural Research Institute Talat Demirören Research Station in 2010 and 2011 growing seasons. Trials were established as randomized complete block design with three replications. Plots lengths were 6 m, each plot formed of 4 rows, row spacing was 70 cm and intra-row distance was 15 cm and plots are arranged in size of 6 x 2.8 m. In the experiments were taken the plant height, number of lateral branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, seed yield and 1000-grain weight as the herbal properties of the observations. In the two years of combined analysis; the differences between genotypes were found significant at the level of 1% in all examined plant characteristics. According to the research results; the highest seed yield was obtained from the variety of Arslanbey with 1233 kg ha-1 and the lowest seed yield from the no.3 line with 574 kg ha-1

Evaluation of Nutritional Status of Pepper and Cucumber Plants Grown in Greenhouse in Şanlıurfa-Karaali District by Soil and Plant Analysis

In this study was conducted to determine of the status of nutritional status with soil and leaf analyses in the greenhouses of made growth paper and cucumber of single crop enterprises the geothermal greenhouses situated in strict Karaali-Şanlıurfa. For this purpose, samples of soil and plants were taken middle of growth season. In samples of soils were made texture, soil reaction, electrical conductivity, lime, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, iron, zinc, manganese and cooper, exchangeable potassium, calcium, magnesium. In samples of plants were determined total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese and cooper content. According to research results; soil of pepper and cucumber grown in greenhouse have been determined that heavy textured, slightly alkaline character, lime is high level and poor in organic matter content and pepper grown in greenhouses where has salinity problems. According to results of soil and leaf analysis, greenhouses have unsufficient of nutrients of phosphorus, potassium and iron in general and local greenhouse have unsufficient of nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper and manganese. It is recommended that these nutrition problems can be solved with fertilizer programs applications which are based on the analysis of soil, plant and water analysis with applications of soil and foliar fertilizations