Ovarian leiomyoma with torsion: a case report

We report an uncommon case of primary ovarian leiomyoma with torsion. Leiomyoma of the ovary is an extremely rare benign solid neoplasm of uncertain etiology. Our patient presented with abdominal pain and imaging showed right adnexal solid mass. All tumour markers except LDH were normal. The patient underwent laparotomy proceed right salpingo-ophorectomy. Intraoperatively, it was found to be twisted right ovarian solid tumour and histopathological examination revealed leiomyoma of ovary

Recurrence of borderline ovarian tumors: a survival analysis

Background: Borderline ovarian tumors are non-invasive tumors that display greater epithelial proliferation and cytological atypia than benign tumors, but less than carcinomas. They may be treated conservatively in young women, however there is a concern for recurrence and progression to frank malignancy. We aimed to study the clinicopathological features of borderline ovarian tumors and their risk of recurrence.Methods: We reviewed the electronic and paper charts of all borderline ovarian tumors operated between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2019 at a tertiary level teaching hospital in India. Descriptive statistics such as proportions and means were used. A survival analysis was done for recurrence and death.Results: A total of 93 borderline ovarian tumor patients were identified. The most common histology in our study was mucinous 60 (63%) followed by serous 28 (29%). Ninety two (99%) of them were stage I at diagnosis. Microinvasion was present in 27 (26%) of the cases. Out of the 30 fertility sparing operations performed (unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy/cytectomy), 4 (13%) had recurrences and progressed to malignancy. The overall malignancy rate was 4%. There was one mortality secondary to septic shock.Conclusions: Borderline ovarian tumors account for 10-20% of ovarian epithelial tumors and have extremely good prognosis affecting majorly the reproductive aged women. The low recurrence rate and good five year survival rate, at all the stages of the disease enables to incorporate fertility sparing surgeries as part of the staging

Risk of Ovarian Cancer and Inherited Variants in Relapse-Associated Genes

Background: We previously identified a panel of genes associated with outcome of ovarian cancer. The purpose of the current study was to assess whether variants in these genes correlated with ovarian cancer risk. Methods and Findings: Women with and without invasive ovarian cancer (749 cases, 1,041 controls) were genotyped at 136 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 13 candidate genes. Risk was estimated for each SNP and for overall variation within each gene. At the gene-level, variation within MSL1 (male-specific lethal-1 homolog) was associated with risk of serous cancer (p = 0.03); haplotypes within PRPF31 (PRP31 pre-mRNA processing factor 31 homolog) were associated with risk of invasive disease (p = 0.03). MSL1 rs7211770 was associated with decreased risk of serous disease (OR 0.81, 95 % CI 0.66–0.98; p = 0.03). SNPs in MFSD7, BTN3A3, ZNF200, PTPRS, and CCND1A were inversely associated with risk (p,0.05), and there was increased risk at HEXIM1 rs1053578 (p = 0.04, OR 1.40, 95 % CI 1.02–1.91). Conclusions: Tumor studies can reveal novel genes worthy of follow-up for cancer susceptibility. Here, we found that inherited markers in the gene encoding MSL1, part of a complex that modifies the histone H4, may decrease risk of invasiv

Review Article - An overview of human papillomaviruses and current vaccine strategies

Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide, particularly in developing countries. The viral origin of cervical cancer has been proven beyond any reasonable doubt. Persistent infection with certain subsets of human papillomaviruses is recognized as a necessary cause for the development of cervical cancer. Persistence of oncogenic HPVs, immunodeficiency, high HPV viral load and cofactors like smoking, multiple sex partners and poor nutrition predispose to cervical cancer. Prophylactic vaccines using HPV virus-like particles containing capsid protein L1 have shown protection against disease in animals and are currently undergoing clinical trials. Therapeutic vaccines using HPV E6 and E7 proteins are also being investigated for their ability to remove residual infection

Ovarian leiomyoma with torsion: a case report

We report an uncommon case of primary ovarian leiomyoma with torsion. Leiomyoma of the ovary is an extremely rare benign solid neoplasm of uncertain etiology. Our patient presented with abdominal pain and imaging showed right adnexal solid mass. All tumour markers except LDH were normal. The patient underwent laparotomy proceed right salpingo-ophorectomy. Intraoperatively, it was found to be twisted right ovarian solid tumour and histopathological examination revealed leiomyoma of ovary

How hypothyroidism affects the ovaries

A 15-year-old girl who was previously diagnosed to have primary hypothyroidism presented to the outpatient department in our tertiary care centre in Southern India with abdominal distension and pedal oedema. On evaluation, she was found to have elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and CA 125 levels, enlarged multicystic ovaries, ascites, and pleural and pericardial effusions. A diagnosis of spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (SOHSS) was made based on the characteristic soap bubble-like imaging appearance of ovaries in the background of hypothyroidism and she was started on thyroxine. At her three-month follow-up, the patient’s biochemical parameters normalised with reduced ovarian volume and resolution of other imaging findings. SOHSS needs to be considered in patients with hypothyroidism and characteristic multicystic ovarian enlargement