2,376 research outputs found
Verifying the Identity of High-Redshift Massive Galaxies Through the Clustering of Lower Mass Galaxies Around Them
Massive high-redshift galaxies form in over-dense regions where the
probability of forming other galaxies is also strongly enhanced. Given an
observed flux of a galaxy, the inferred mass of its host halo tends to be
larger as its inferred redshift increases. As the mass and redshift of a galaxy
halo increase, the expected clustering of other galaxies around it gets
stronger. It is therefore possible to verify the high-redshift identity of a
galaxy (prior to an unambiguous spectral identification) from the clustering of
other galaxies around it. We illustrate this method for the massive galaxy
suggested by Mobasher et al. (2005) to be at redshift z~6.5. If this galaxy
were to exist at z~6.5, there should have been a mean of ~10 galaxies larger
than a hundredth of its mass and having z-band magnitudes less than ~25
detected as i-dropouts in the HUDF. We calculate an approximate probability
distribution for neighbor galaxies and determine that there is less than a
~0.3% chance of detecting no massive neighbor galaxies. The lack of other
massive z~6.5 galaxies in the HUDF image argues that the Mobasher et al. (2005)
galaxy is instead a low redshift interloper. We generalize our results to other
galaxy masses and redshifts.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures. Typos correcte
Within-Home versus Between-Home Variability of House Dust Endotoxin in a Birth Cohort
Endotoxin exposure has been proposed as an environmental determinant of allergen responses in children. To better understand the implications of using a single measurement of house dust endotoxin to characterize exposure in the first year of life, we evaluated room-specific within-home and between-home variability in dust endotoxin obtained from 470 households in Boston, Massachusetts. Homes were sampled up to two times over 5–11 months. We analyzed 1,287 dust samples from the kitchen, family room, and baby’s bedroom for endotoxin. We fit a mixed-effects model to estimate mean levels and the variation of endotoxin between homes, between rooms, and between sampling times. Endotoxin ranged from 2 to 1,945 units per milligram of dust. Levels were highest during summer and lowest in the winter. Mean endotoxin levels varied significantly from room to room. Cross-sectionally, endotoxin was moderately correlated between family room and bedroom floor (r = 0.30), between family room and kitchen (r = 0.32), and between kitchen and bedroom (r = 0.42). Adjusting for season, the correlation of endotoxin levels within homes over time was 0.65 for both the bedroom and kitchen and 0.54 for the family room. The temporal within-home variance of endotoxin was lowest for bedroom floor samples and highest for kitchen samples. Between-home variance was lowest in the family room and highest for kitchen samples. Adjusting for season, within-home variation was less than between-home variation for all three rooms. These results suggest that room-to-room and home-to-home differences in endotoxin influence the total variability more than factors affecting endotoxin levels within a room over time
The existence of time
Of those gauge theories of gravity known to be equivalent to general
relativity, only the biconformal gauging introduces new structures - the
quotient of the conformal group of any pseudo-Euclidean space by its Weyl
subgroup always has natural symplectic and metric structures. Using this metric
and symplectic form, we show that there exist canonically conjugate,
orthogonal, metric submanifolds if and only if the original gauged space is
Euclidean or signature 0. In the Euclidean cases, the resultant configuration
space must be Lorentzian. Therefore, in this context, time may be viewed as a
derived property of general relativity.Comment: 21 pages (Reduced to clarify and focus on central argument; some
calculations condensed; typos corrected
Recommended from our members
Within-home versus between-home variability of house dust endotoxin in a birth cohort
Endotoxin exposure has been proposed as an environmental determinant of allergen responses in children. To better understand the implications of using a single measurement of house dust endotoxin to characterize exposure in the first year of life, we evaluated room-specific within-home and between-home variability in dust endotoxin obtained from 470 households in Boston, Massachusetts. Homes were sampled up to two times over 5–11 months. We analyzed 1,287 dust samples from the kitchen, family room, and baby’s bedroom for endotoxin. We fit a mixed-effects model to estimate mean levels and the variation of endotoxin between homes, between rooms, and between sampling times. Endotoxin ranged from 2 to 1,945 units per milligram of dust. Levels were highest during summer and lowest in the winter. Mean endotoxin levels varied significantly from room to room. Cross-sectionally, endotoxin was moderately correlated between family room and bedroom floor (r = 0.30), between family room and kitchen (r = 0.32), and between kitchen and bedroom (r = 0.42). Adjusting for season, the correlation of endotoxin levels within homes over time was 0.65 for both the bedroom and kitchen and 0.54 for the family room. The temporal within-home variance of endotoxin was lowest for bedroom floor samples and highest for kitchen samples. Between-home variance was lowest in the family room and highest for kitchen samples. Adjusting for season, within-home variation was less than between-home variation for all three rooms. These results suggest that room-to-room and home-to-home differences in endotoxin influence the total variability more than factors affecting endotoxin levels within a room over time
Noncommutative field gas driven inflation
We investigate early time inflationary scenarios in an Universe filled with a
dilute noncommutative bosonic gas at high temperature. A noncommutative bosonic
gas is a gas composed of bosonic scalar field with noncommutative field space
on a commutative spacetime. Such noncommutative field theories was recently
introduced as a generalization of quantum mechanics on a noncommutative
spacetime. As key features of these theories are Lorentz invariance violation
and CPT violation. In the present study we use a noncommutative bosonic field
theory that besides the noncommutative parameter shows up a further
parameter . This parameter controls the range of the
noncommutativity and acts as a regulator for the theory. Both parameters play a
key role in the modified dispersion relations of the noncommutative bosonic
field, leading to possible striking consequences for phenomenology. In this
work we obtain an equation of state for the
noncommutative bosonic gas relating pressure and energy density , in
the limit of high temperature. We analyse possible behaviours for this gas
parameters , and , so that , which
is the region where the Universe enters an accelerated phase.Comment: Reference added. Version to appear in Journal of Cosmology and
Astroparticle Physics - JCA
Ion and Electron Acoustic Bursts during Anti-Parallel Magnetic Reconnection Driven by Lasers
Magnetic reconnection converts magnetic energy into thermal and kinetic
energy in plasma. Among numerous candidate mechanisms, ion acoustic
instabilities driven by the relative drift between ions and electrons, or
equivalently electric current, have been suggested to play a critical role in
dissipating magnetic energy in collisionless plasmas. However, their existence
and effectiveness during reconnection have not been well understood due to ion
Landau damping and difficulties in resolving the Debye length scale in the
laboratory. Here we report a sudden onset of ion acoustic bursts measured by
collective Thomson scattering in the exhaust of anti-parallel magnetically
driven reconnection using high-power lasers. The ion acoustic bursts are
followed by electron acoustic bursts with electron heating and bulk
acceleration. We reproduce these observations with 1D and 2D particle-in-cell
simulations in which electron outflow jet drives ion-acoustic instabilities,
forming double layers. These layers induce electron two-stream instabilities
that generate electron acoustic bursts and energize electrons. Our results
demonstrate the importance of ion and electron acoustic dynamics during
reconnection when ion Landau damping is ineffective, a condition applicable to
a range of astrophysical plasmas including near-Earth space, stellar flares,
and black hole accretion engines
Costs and health effects of screening and delivery of hearing aids in Tamil Nadu, India: an observational study
Contains fulltext :
79601.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access
Obstruction Results in Quantization Theory
We define the quantization structures for Poisson algebras necessary to
generalise Groenewold and Van Hove's result that there is no consistent
quantization for the Poisson algebra of Euclidean phase space. Recently a
similar obstruction was obtained for the sphere, though surprising enough there
is no obstruction to the quantization of the torus. In this paper we want to
analyze the circumstances under which such obstructions appear. In this context
we review the known results for the Poisson algebras of Euclidean space, the
sphere and the torus.Comment: 34 pages, Latex. To appear in J. Nonlinear Scienc
Random Tilings: Concepts and Examples
We introduce a concept for random tilings which, comprising the conventional
one, is also applicable to tiling ensembles without height representation. In
particular, we focus on the random tiling entropy as a function of the tile
densities. In this context, and under rather mild assumptions, we prove a
generalization of the first random tiling hypothesis which connects the maximum
of the entropy with the symmetry of the ensemble. Explicit examples are
obtained through the re-interpretation of several exactly solvable models. This
also leads to a counterexample to the analogue of the second random tiling
hypothesis about the form of the entropy function near its maximum.Comment: 32 pages, 42 eps-figures, Latex2e updated version, minor grammatical
change
- …