16 research outputs found
In vitro Antidiabetic and Antioxidant effects of different extracts of Catharanthus roseus and its indole alkaloid, vindoline
The Catharanthus roseus plant has been used traditionally to treat diabetes mellitus. Scientific evidence supporting the antidiabetic effects of this plant’s active ingredient-vindoline has not been fully evaluated. In this study, extracts of C. roseus and vindoline were tested for antioxidant activities, alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibitory activities and insulin secretory effects in pancreatic RIN-5F cell line cultured in the absence of glucose, at low and high glucose concentrations. The methanolic extract of the plant showed the highest antioxidant activities in addition to the high total polyphenolic content (p < 0.05). The HPLC results exhibited increased concentration of vindoline in the dichloromethane and the ethylacetate extracts. Vindoline showed noticeable antioxidant activity when compared to ascorbic acid at p < 0.05 and significantly improved the in vitro insulin secretion. The intracellular reactive oxygen species formation in glucotoxicity-induced cells was significantly reduced following treatment with vindoline, methanolic and the dichloromethane extracts when compared to the high glucose untreated control (p < 0.05)
Potential Antioxidative Effects of Kolaviron on Reproductive Function in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats
The present study investigated the effects of Kolaviron (KV) on the testicular and epididymal tissue antioxidant status in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ at 50Â mg/kg body weight. The antioxidant status was studied by evaluating epididymal and testicular levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation (LPO) marker, and the activities of catalase (CAT) glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also assessed using biochemical techniques. Diabetes induction resulted in testicular and epididymal LPO and adversely affected the activities of antioxidant enzymes evident by a noticeable decrease in enzyme activity in both tissues. The potential antioxidative effects of KV in the testicular and epididymal tissues of STZ-induced diabetes were revealed by its ability to mitigate against LPO and increase the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes in the reproductive tissues studied. KV might potentially be used as an antioxidant as well as antidiabetic treatment; however, further studies are needed
The therapeutic potential of the novel angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the treatment of coronavirus disease-19
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19). This virus has become a global pandemic with unprecedented mortality and morbidity along with attendant
financial and economic crises. Furthermore, COVID-19 can easily be transmitted regardless of religion, race, sex, or status.
Globally, high hospitalization rates of COVID-19 patients have been reported, and billions of dollars have been spent to
contain the pandemic. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 is a receptor of SARS-CoV-2, which has a significant
role in the entry of the virus into the host cell. ACE2 is highly expressed in the type II alveolar cells of the lungs, upper
esophagus, stratified epithelial cells, and other tissues in the body. The diminished expressions of ACE2 have been associated
with hypertension, arteriosclerosis, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and immune system dysregulation. Overall, the
potential drug candidates that could serve as ACE2 activators or enhance the expression of ACE2 in a disease state, such as
COVID-19, hold considerable promise in mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reviews the therapeutic potential
and pharmacological benefits of the novel ACE2 in the management of COVID-19 using search engines, such as Google,
Scopus, PubMed, and PubMed Central.http://www.veterinaryworld.orgdm2022Paraclinical Science
The influence of superoxide and anti-oxidants on human sperm function and apoptosis with special reference to the role of red palm oil
Thesis (MTech (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006Cells living under aerobic conditions constantly face the oxygen paradox i.e. oxygen is
indispensable for supporting life; however, its metabolites such as reactive oxygen
species (ROS) can modify cell function. Oxidative stress (OS) arises as a consequence
of excessive ROS production and/or impaired antioxidant defence mechanisms.
Environmental and physiological factors have been implicated in poor sperm function.
Excessive ROS generation results in oxidative damage and consequently decreased
sperm function. The objectives of this study are threefold: (i) To measure the
production of O
2
-. by sperm by means of flow cytometry. (ii) To determine effects of
O2
-. on sperm motility and viability in the presence or absence of commercially
available scavengers and RPO. (iii) To determine effects of O2
-. on selective apoptotic
markers in ejaculated sperm in the presence of absence of commercially available
scavengers and RPO.
In the first part of the study, suitable solvents were investigated in order to introduce
RPO (because of its hydrophobic nature) as a possible scavenger of ROS in human
spermatozoa. Secondly, the O2
-. donor; 2, 3-dimetoxy-1-naphthoquinone (DMNQ)
(2.5~M-100~M, 60 min.) was added to normozoospermic post swim-up samples in the
absence or presence of Mn(lIl)TMPyP (50~M) or SOD (501U) or RPO at 0.1% and
0.5%. CASA was used to analyse motility parameters, while FACS was used to
determine viability (PI, 1mM, 15 min.) and O2
-. levels (DHE, 30~M, 15min.)
The impact of organic hydroperoxides and a red palm oil supplemented diet on spermatogenesis, sperm function and sperm apoptosis
Thesis (DTech (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009Many environmental, physiological, and genetic factors have been shown to impair sperm function through oxidative damage. Oxidative stress (OS) arises as a consequence of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and/or impaired antioxidant defence mechanisms. The decline in male reproductive health generated considerable public and scientific concerns about the possible role of environmental contaminants. A better understanding of how OS affects sperm function will be beneficial as it might help in the design of new and effective treatment strategies to combat the problem of increasing male subfertility. Studies have suggested that antioxidant nutrients and/or medicines play a protective role in human health. Crude red palm oil (RPO) is known to be the richest natural plant source of antioxidants such as carotenoids, tocopherols and metalloporpheryns. The aims of this study were twofold: (i) To establish an in vivo animal model of OS by exposing rat to organic hydroperoxide such as t-butyl hydroperoxide (tbHP) and cumene hydroperoxide (cHP) through repeated intraperitoneal injections that can be used for studying these effects on testicular tissue, epididymal sperm and sperm function as well as male reproductive parameters in general. (ii) To investigate the effects of a RPO supplemented diet on male reproductive parameters and tissue in animals exposed to OS.
In the first part of the study, male Wistar rats aged 10-12 weeks were randomly placed in groups and received standard rat chow (SRC) and water ad lib. Animals were injected intraperitoneally with saline (0.5 ml), t-butyl hydroperoxide (5µM, 10µM, 20µM and 40µM; 0.5 ml) or cumene hydroperoxide cHP (2.5µM, 5µM, 10µM and 20µM; 0.5 ml) over a 60 day period. In the second part, male Wistar rats aged 10-12 weeks were placed randomly in three groups and fed with SRC. Group 1 received no supplement while the food of groups 2 and 3 were supplemented with 2 mL and 4 mL RPO (in 25 gm SRC/day) respectively. Each group was further divided into 3 subgroups and injected intraperitoneally daily with either saline, 10µM cHP or 20µM tbHP respectively. This was done for 5 consecutive days per week over a 60 day period. Sperm concentrations, and motility, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) activities as well as apoptosis were assessed
Can tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide cause cardiovascular disease?
Long term exposure to tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP: initiator of oxidation) in the manufacturing of polyester resin coatings
might be a cardiovascular risk for workers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of TBHP in the serum of rats by assessing
the lipid profile and lipid oxidation as biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. Male Wistar rats (n = 6) aged 10 to 12 weeks were
randomly placed in two groups (control and treatment) and fed ad lib with standard rat chow and water. Rats in the control group
received an intraperitoneal injection of saline while the treatment group received TBHP (20 µM, 70% aqueous, Sigma Chemical Co,
South Africa). Six rats were included in each group and injections (0.5 ml) were administered on 5 consecutive days per week for
a period of 8 weeks. Cardiovascular biomarkers in the serum was determined by measuring the total cholesterol (TC), high density
lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG) and C-reactive protein (CRP), while the lipid peroxidation in serum was determined by the
conjugated diene (CD) measurement, lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) and by thiobarbituric acid resistance substance (TBARS) assay.
The serum of rats injected with 20 µM TBHP had significantly increased the levels of cardiovascular biomarkers and lipid peroxidation.
The findings of the study indicate that TBHP injection in rats may increase the susceptibility of the serum to lipid peroxidation
which could lead to cardiovascular disease
Hypoxis hemerocallidea significantly reduced hyperglycaemia and hyperglycaemic-induced oxidative stress in the liver and kidney tissues of streptozotocin-induced diabetic male wistar rats.
Background. Hypoxis hemerocallidea is a native plant that grows in the Southern African regions and is well known for its beneficial medicinal effects in the treatment of diabetes, cancer, and high blood pressure. Aim. This study evaluated the effects of Hypoxis hemerocallidea on oxidative stress biomarkers, hepatic injury, and other selected biomarkers in the liver and kidneys of healthy nondiabetic and streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with 50 mg/kg of STZ to induce diabetes. The plant extract-Hypoxis hemerocallidea (200 mg/kg or 800 mg/kg) aqueous solution was administered (daily) orally for 6 weeks. Antioxidant activities were analysed using a Multiskan Spectrum plate reader while other serum biomarkers were measured using the RANDOX chemistry analyser. Results. Both dosages (200 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg) of Hypoxis hemerocallidea significantly reduced the blood glucose levels in STZ-induced diabetic groups. Activities of liver enzymes were increased in the diabetic control and in the diabetic group treated with 800 mg/kg, whereas the 200 mg/kg dosage ameliorated hepatic injury. In the hepatic tissue, the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), catalase, and total glutathione were reduced in the diabetic control group. However treatment with both doses improved the antioxidant status. The FRAP and the catalase activities in the kidney were elevated in the STZ-induced diabetic group treated with 800 mg/kg of the extract possibly due to compensatory responses. Conclusion. Hypoxis hemerocallidea demonstrated antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effects especially in the liver tissue
Therapeutic potentials and pharmacological properties of Moringa oleifera Lam in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and related complications
Journal articleDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem not only in urban areas, but also in rural areas. DM is
a metabolic disorder resulting from abnormal insulin secretion. This leads to chronic hyperglycemia with
disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism. Hyperglycemic-induced oxidative stress has been shown to
be actively involved in the onset and progression of diabetes. Plants have played a vital role in
improving the quality of life and maintaining human health.
It also serves as important components for medicines, beverages and seasonings. Many plants contain
flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, terpenoids, and carotenoids with anti-diabetic and antioxidant
properties. Moringa oleifera (MO) is one of such plants which have been used for centuries as a folk
remedy for the treatment and management of various diseases including diabetes. This review is aimed
at providing an overview of the potentials of MO in the treatment and management of diabetes and its
possible applications in the treatment of other diseases
Diabetes mellitus: economic and health burden, treatment and the therapeutical effects of Hypoxis hemerrocallidea plant
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is becoming one of the leading causes of death worldwide because of its adverse complications that include
cardiovascular related diseases and chronic kidney disease. DM is considered a menace to public health due to the unavailability
of adequate drugs to manage this condition, especially in poor developing countries such as those in the African continent. Proper
management and treatment of this is lacking, which possibly explains escalating percentages of morbidity and mortality associated
with it. In Africa, as a result of poor socio-economic conditions, it is nearly impossible to properly monitor and manage DM.
Globally, the commercially available drugs used in diabetes treatment regimens have been associated with drastic side effects and
are also mostly unaffordable in some developing countries (particularly in Africa), hence the need to investigate cheap and readily
available medicinal plants such as Hypoxis hemerocallidea. It is important to thoroughly investigate the activities of medicinal
plants in animal models to identify both their therapeutic and toxic effects. This review paper examines the potential anti-diabetic
benefits of Hypoxis hemerocallidea based on experimental studies done on this plant between the years 2000 and 2016. The
authors recommend that further studies on the different extracts of the plant be undertaken to discover the exact mechanisms of
their actio
Antioxidant activities of Basella alba aqueous leave extract in blood, pancreas, and gonadal tissues of diabetic male Wistar rats
CITATION: Arokoyo, D. S. et al. 2018. Antioxidant activities of Basella alba aqueous leave extract in blood, pancreas, and gonadal tissues of diabetic male Wistar rats. Pharmacognosy Research, 10:31-6, doi:10.4103/pr.pr_84_17.The original publication is available at https://www.phcogres.comBackground: Oxidative stress is frequently identified as a key element
in the pathophysiology of many complications of diabetes mellitus,
including reproductive complications. The antioxidant potential of
medicinal plants have been suggested for therapeutic focus of diseases
in recent reports. Objective: To investigate the effect of Basella
alba (Ba) aqueous leave extract on diabetes‑induced oxidative stress.
Materials and Methods: Forty male Wistar rats (8–10 weeks) were
randomly divided into four groups (n = 10) and treated as follows;
Control (C + Ns) and Diabetic (D + Ns) animals received oral normal saline
0.5 ml/100 g body weight daily, while Healthy Treatment (H + Ba) and
Diabetic Treatment (D + Ba) rats were given Ba extract at an oral dose
of 200 mg/kg body weight daily. Treatment was by gavage and lasted
4 weeks in all groups. Diabetes was induced in D + Ns and D + Ba rats
by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) and fasting
blood sugar (FBS) recorded weekly in all rats afterwards. Animals were
euthanized at the end of the experiment and blood samples, pancreas,
testes, and epididymis were preserved for analysis of oxidative stress
biomarkers. Results: Oral administration of aqueous leave extract of
Ba significantly (P < 0.0001) lowered FBS in D + Ba rats. There was
significantly higher blood superoxide dismutase activity and serum ferric
reducing antioxidant power, but lower serum concentration of conjugated
dienes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in D + Ba compared to
D + Ns rats (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Ba exerts antioxidant effects in the
gonads by enhancing antioxidant parameters in circulating blood, but not
necessarily in the gonadal tissues.Publisher's versio