Risk of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Poultry Meat of Chicken with Arthritis in Poultry Farms

Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen that affects both people and animals. Staphylococcus aureus causes food poisoning in addition to invasive diseases as arthritis and septicemia. This study was done on 70 chicken samples obtained from 7 different farms of chickens with symptoms of arthritis in Kafr El-sheikh government, Egypt. In this study out of 70 samples of chickens from different farms, 37 (52.8%) samples were recognized as coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) and 33 (47.1%) were recognized as coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). By using the microtitre plate method, seven out of 37 (18.9%) CoPS were positive for biofilm production with variable degrees. The pattern of antibacterial sensitivity of 7 Staphylococcus aureus isolates against 12 commercially available antibiotic discs showed 100 % resistance to oxytetracycline then Amoxicillin (71.43%), Erythromycin (57.14%), Norfloxacin (14.29%), Tetracycline (42.86), Sulphamethoxazole (42.86%), Gentamicin (42.86%), Ampicillin (42.86%), kanamycin (28.57), cephatotin (28.57), doxycycline (0%) and the least was observed with chloramphenicol (0%). seven of positive S. aureus isolates were introduced in order to identify the staphylococcal enterotoxin genes, SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, and SEE and integron by PCR test Which 4 out of 7 isolates (57.1 %) were positive for SEB and SED only while were other isolate were negative for all SE gene. Class 1 integron cassettes were detected in 6 isolates from 7 (85.7%) of tested isolates. In conclusion, this is the first study to report the detection and identification of enterotoxin and class 1 integron in S. aureus isolated from poultry meat of chicken that suffered from arthritis.

Genetic Relationship between Salmonella Isolates Recovered from Calves and Broilers Chickens in Kafr El-Sheikh City Using ERIC PCR

A prevalent bacterial intestinal infection with severe economic damage is salmonellosis. Our study was carried out to diagnose Salmonella from chickens and calves, to determine its resistance to antimicrobials’ phenotypic and genotypic characterization of integrons and β lactamase genes in the multidrug resistance of different Salmonella serotypes, and to detect the genetic relationship between Salmonella isolates collected from different origins using an ERIC PCR. In total, 200 samples from diseased chicken and diarrheic calves were obtained from 50 various farms from Kafr El-sheikh, Egypt. Salmonella poultry isolates were characterized as S. Typhimurium (3/8), S. Enteritidis (3/8), and S. Kentucky (2/8), but Salmonella isolates from cattle were S. Enteritidis (1/2) and S. Kentucky (1/2). When antibiotic susceptibility testing was completed on all of the isolates, it showed that there was multidrug resistance present (MDR). A PCR was applied for identifying the accompanying class 1 integrons and ESBLs from MDR Salmonella isolates (two isolates of S. Kentucky were divided as one from calf and one from poultry). Our results detected blaTEM and class 1 integron, but were negative for bla IMP, bla VIM, and bla SHV. An ERIC PCR was conducted for understanding the clonal relation between various β-lactamase-producing MDR Salmonella isolates. The same four previously mentioned isolates were also tested. The two isolates of S. Enteritidis isolated from poultry and calves had 100% similarity despite indicating that there were interactions between broilers and calves living on the same farm that caused infection from the same Salmonella strains, while the other two isolates of S. Kentucky showed only 33% serovarities