To Study Analgesic, Hypoglycemic and Hepatoprotective Activity of Moringa olefera Leaf Extract in Albino Wistar Rats

Introduction: Moringa oleifera is widely found in Asian subcontinent and it has been used as an Analgesic, Hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective in Indian folklore medicine. In this study we compared the Analgesic, Hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective effects of Moringa oleifera ethanolic extracts with other standard drug in Albino Wistar Rats. Methods:  Male Wistar albino rats were divided into 5 groups and administered placebo (saline), diclofenac and 3 groups of Moringa Oleifera using 100mg/Kg, 200mg/Kg and 400mg/kg doses for Analgesic Activity.  On the other hand, 30 Albino Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of six each and administered placebo (saline), Liv-52 (standard) and 3 groups of Moringa Oleifera using 100mg/Kg, 200mg/Kg and 400mg/kg doses for hepatoprotective activity. In addition, the test leaf extracts preparations of Moringa oleifera [100, 200 and 400 mg], were administered for 21 days orally to the rats of respective groups by using oral feeding tube for Hypoglycemic activity. Results: The highest Tail flick latency period was observed in Group 2 and Group 5 at 120 min. At all-time of point, the tail-flick latency period differed significantly between the extract and Aspirin treated Groups being greater in the Group 2. Comparing different doses of the extract revealed that there is positive relationship between reaction time and increase dose of the extract in which, protection against heat application with 400 mg /kg was significant compared to all doses of the extract. Whereas, Rats treated with ethanolic Leaf extract of Moringa Oleifera (100/200/400 mg/kg, orally once daily) for 21days, the SGOT values (242.66 ± 11.63 IU/L, 242.66 ± 11.63 IU/L, 242.66 ± 11.63 IU/L) were significantly lower (P<0.05), (P<0.05), (P<0.01) when compared to SGOT levels in control rats (265 ± 4.75 IU/dl). Rats treated with ethanolic Leaf extract of Moringa Oleifera (100/200/400 mg/kg, orally once daily) for 21days, Conclusion: Ethanolic extracts of Moringa Oleifera leaves exhibits significant Analgesic, Hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective activity in a dose dependent manner.  Keywords: Analgesic, Hypoglycemic, Hepatoprotective, Moringa oleifer

To evaluate effect of Olmesartan versus Cilnidipine on urinary microalbumin level in patients of hypertension with type II diabetes mellitus

Introduction: Hypertension can lead to many complications of diabetes, including diabetic eye disease and kidney disease, or make them worse. Most people with diabetes will eventually have high blood pressure, along with other heart and circulation problems.Materials and Methods: This is prospective and observational study conducted in Department of pharmacology. Patients were enrolled into study after fulfilling the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were divided into 2 groups, Group A received Tab Olmesartan 20mg, Group B received Tab Cilnidipine 10mg. Patients were assessed at baseline and after 3 months for Urinary Microalbumin level and Blood sugar – fasting and post meal.Result: In our study, it is seen that after 3 months of therapy, by applying paired ‘t’ test, there is statistically highly significant reduction in microalbuminuria in the two groups. In group A, mean reduction was 22.71 mg, in group B mean reduction in microalbuminuria was 16.69 mg. Whereas by applying Unpaired ‘t’ test for microalbuminuria after 3 months therapy in group A and B, statistically highly significant difference has been observed in both the groups in reducing microalbuminuria (p <0.0001). Conclusion: Cilnidipine is equally effective as Olmesartan in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients with type 2 DM. However, cilnidipine is more effective in the prevention of albuminuria and better tolerated by patients as compared with Olmesartan