The Investigation and Comparison of Experience of Divorce in Divorced Men and Women (Meanings, Contexts, Outcomes, and Adjustment after Divorce)

The aim of this qualitative study is to investigate the experience of divorced in men and women with respect to implications, backgrounds, consequences and compatibility of divorce and compares their experiences in this regard. To this end, the phenomenology method of qualitative research has been adopted in this study. 25 persons (13 females and 12 males) were selected using purposive sampling based on standard sampling strategy until data saturation was achieved. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. To analyze the data derived from phenomenological interviews, thematic analysis was employed. The research findings were divided into four general categories of divorce implications, backgrounds for divorce, divorce consequences and divorce adaptation. Each of these categories was further divided into sub-themes. In the category of divorce implications, two themes of perceived implications of divorce and semantic dimensions of divorce were discussed. The sub theme related to the perceived implications of divorce was additionally divided into three sub scales of divorce salvation, divorce as the last resort and negative implication of divorce. The sub-theme of semantic dimensions of divorce was also divided into three sub scales related to social, personal and sexual dimensions of divorce. In this study, the emphasis has been on the backgrounds for divorce rather than causes of divorce. The findings related to the backgrounds for divorce include 9 sub-themes which were divided into four general themes associated with large, medium, small and interactive dimensions. The consequences of divorce consisted of 17 sub-themes which were divided into three general subjects associated with economic, sociocultural and personal dimensions. Compatibility was also composed of 9 sub-themes divided into three general themes related to personal, domestic, socioeconomic and the presence of children. As for the disparity between men and women experience, the results showed that divorce experience was affected by the gender of participants in cultural and social settings. As for the implications and grounds for divorce, men and women had identical experiences, but there they were different in term of how they had gained those experiences. This difference was especially significant with respect to divorce consequences and compatibility. For men, divorce consequences are more notable with respect to emotional and personal dimension but for women, the social and cultural dimension is highlighted. Moreover, divorce tends to be considered as an internal matter for men and an external matter for women. Finally, it is concluded that this structure demonstrates the interactive nature of divorce dimensions, divorce, the reciprocity of divorce backgrounds, and structural relationship between various aspects of divorce. Thus, any preventive programs, counseling and intervention in divorce crisis should take such structural, complex and multidimensional relationships into consideration

Effects of Group Reality Therapy on the Mental Health of Elderly Residing at Iran`s Shahid Hasheminejad Nursing Home

Objectives: The main goal of this study was to determine the effect of group reality therapy on mental health of elderly residing at Iran Shahid Hasheminejad nursing home (ISHNH). Methods & Materials: This is an experimental, case-control, pilot study with the pre-test and post-test design. With a random and matched case-control group selection from all healthy male elderly staying at (ISHNH), 30 samples entered based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. After their inform consents obtained, they were placed into two groups of case (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. Case (experimental) group participated in 10 sessions of group reality therapy while the control group did not receive such kind of therapy. Results: The outcomes were interpreted by using the covariance analysis. The reality therapy group showed significant (P<0.05) results in increasing their total score of mental health as well as reducing anxiety and improving their social performance .But in control group did not show significantly to reduce their depression and physical symptoms. Conclusion: Group reality therapy has a positive effect on increasing mental health in elderly. Such therapy also refreshes learning courses for the staff and nurses working in the nursing homes. This model may be a valuable treatment in elderly`s for reducing their anxiety and improving their social performances

The Examination of Effects of Cognitive Group Counseling on the Anxiety and Depression Factors in Female Senior Citizens Staying at Nursing Homes in Sabzevar in 2008-2009

Objectives: The main goal of this study is to determine the effect of cognitive group counseling on the anxiety and depression factors in female senior citizens staying at nursing homes. Methods & Materials: The method used in this pilot study is the pre-test and post -test with a control group and the statistical society in this study consists of all the elder women staying at Madar Nursing Home in Sabzevar. The sample was selected randomly from the society under study. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) was primarily administered and then scores higher than six for anxiety and depression factors were identified and a number of 30 subjects were selected randomly. Next, they were placed in two groups consisting of 15 subjects (subject group and control group). Results: The analysis of the results was performed using the covariance analysis. It indicates that cognitive group counseling significantly results in reducing depression and anxiety. Conclusion: Cognitive group counseling has a positive effect on reducing anxiety and depression. Refresher courses for the staff and nurses working in the nursing homes can serve as a supplementary treatment along with pharmaceutical treatment

The effecacy of mindfulness training techniques on emotional malaise and social anxiety based on brain-behavioral systems

Background: Research shows that emotional dyslexia and the components of difficulty in identifying emotions have a positive relationship with the symptoms of social anxiety disorder and maintain the cognitive factors of social anxiety disorder and cause them to avoid others. Aims: This research aims to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness training on alexia in women with high alexia and on social anxiety in women with social anxiety based on their brain-behavioral systems and to determine the difference in effectiveness in two groups. It was planned and executed from these women. Methods: The method of this research was semi-experimental with non-random sampling and available with a two-group design (experimental group and control group) with pre-test-post-test and follow-up. The statistical population included 16 available women with high emotional dyslexia and 16 women with social anxiety due to their availability in 2018, each of whom was selected into two experimental and control groups. Results: The results of the mixed analysis of variance showed significant changes of the two groups for the within-group factor, and the group and interaction effects of time and group were also significant. The results of multivariate analysis of variance to compare the group effect on the linear combination of the effectiveness of mindfulness training techniques on alexia in women with high alexia and on social anxiety, women with social anxiety based on their brain-behavioral systems in the short-term and long-term show showed that the effect of the group factor on the linear combination of the effectiveness of mindfulness techniques training... in the post-test and follow-up was statistically significant. Conclusion: The results showed that variables such as emotional ataxia and social anxiety changed under the influence of mindfulness training based on brain-behavioral systems, and there was a fundamental difference in the two training groups, which had previously been compared between these two disorders simultaneously. had not taken place