The Vector dynamics of Ikogosi Wind Speed/direction relative to Climate Change

This study appraises anticipated vicissitudes to surface wind characteristics from 1980-2018 in Ikogosi South-Western Nigeria. Changes in wind speeds at regional and global levels are signals of global warming. A concern about climate change has been a major driving force for the speedy expansion experienced in wind energy projects. Yearly investigation of wind speed disguises seasonal variation in predictive planning. At times, these changes fluctuate across seasons in some zones. The Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) gave a proponent for long-term changes in the large-scale atmospheric circulation. In effect, observed changes such as poleward shifts and reinforcement of westerly winds will likely be promoted. Projected changes to annual wind speed display altitudinal variability compared to seasonal and annual mean wind speed. An evaluation of wind changes at specific locations is therefore necessary for site-specific application. This paper presents experience at Ikogosi warm spring site with varying return periods, analysedfor identificationof the behaviour of its wind using several statisticsprobability distribution. Average wind speed of 2.2 m/s in Ikogosi certainly portends a future for hydro-electricity alternative in Nigeria

Exploring Pressure-Temperature Trends toward Climatic change in Ikogosi

Global warming is sketching the isobars on weather maps in a different way, owing to new patterns and their climatic imprint. Climatological reports have shown that atmospheric pressure fluctuations in the past five decades has strong affiliations with human stimulus. Any infinitesimal change in air pressure could produce a dramatic climatic effect, such as wind, precipitation, diurnal perturbations and storms. Pressure in air is the pointing device for atmosphere's circulation, and consequently, determines how humidity circulates. Progressive studies on air pressure from both experimental and theoretical sources have corroborated with each other. The potential for atmospheric pressure is a function of the individual sum of oxygen, carbondioxide, water vapor, nitrogen, and noble gases in air. Although, it is difficult to predict the life span of these atmospheric gases, we cannot assume that the abundance of either of these gases has remained constant over geologic time. This study focuses on analyzing weather changes in Ikogosi SW Nigerian, in conjunction with pressure for almost four decades, using curve fitting regression analysis and statistical methods relative to direct plots. The result reveals exponential trends of growth in pressure-temperature measurement indicative of weather change. In view of this, recommendations are given based on indices of measurement shown by occurrence and the force of atmospheric pressure

Temperature and Short- wave Irradiation Trends in Ikogosi Climatic Change Pattern

Every living or non-living thing has its unique temperature consequent of absorption of electromagnetic radiation, light. The source of this molecular kinetic is Solar energy incident on Earth’s surface, the sole supplier of life on the planet. This phenomenon markedly determines the climatic conditions in our habitat. Atypical of previous much-required characteristic balance in nature, myriads of surface processes, ranging from evaporation, photosynthesis and even terrestrial carbon uptake effects are becoming altered in nature. These effects on longterm timing of events defines global warming, it distinguishes the diurnal from seasonal course of surface temperatures and shortwave radiation which contains larger quantity of energy and longwave radiation which holds less amount of energy. Earth's emitted longwave radiation, also has major practical implications on solar energy technologies, agricultural productivity, profound environmental, societal, and economic implications. There is cumulative evidence that the volume of solar radiation incident on the Earth’s surface is not constant but experiences substantial decadal variations. In view of the certainty of unpredictability of these climatic changes, a positive recourse lies in utilizing these enormous natural forces to solve Man’s energy crisis challenge. Thus, this study uses meteorological data from MERRE to investigate the prospect of shortwave radiation in Ikogosi SW Nigeria and its implications technologically and environmentally in the future of energy prospecting first locally, and on a spatial scale

Brief review on the physics of solid-state lighting device

In this review, the chronological advances of solid state lighting (SSL) alongside the theoretical predictions was examined. The discussion includes its crystallographic orientations, substrate growth, colour rendering, misfit dislocations, quantum well fabrication, stacking fault and energy efficiency. It has been discovered that the challenges confronting the potential of SSL devices may not just be ambient temperature of the operating environment or the safe limits of the blue/white-light hazard. This paper sheds lighter on the physics responsible for the SSL white lighting, wave function lapping at different crystallographic orientations and stress relaxation limits of quantum well (QW) heterointerface

Smart Grids and The Renewable Energy Component

A twentieth- first century grid cannot be built on a twentieth century electric grid. Smart grid has undertaken the promise of incredible advances in innovation, provision of jobs, wealth creation, cleaner environment and, consumer empowerment. Smart grid can be defined as the sum of concerted efforts to advance existing technologies; Integrating operations and IT to achieve higher utility, better environment and society. A real smart modern grid would involve concepts of sustainability ; development that meets the needs of present generations yet uncompromising future generations ability to meet their own needs, that influence cost effective and confirmed cleaner technology. This smart grid involves integration of communication and electrical infrastructures with unconventional information and computerization in an already existing grid. This is an enquiry into introduction of solar photovoltaics (PV) and wind energy into the existing Covenant University grid, for the purpose of serving CU community and to serve as a case study for developing wind energy systems in Lagos

Brief review on the physics of solid-state lighting device

In this review, the chronological advances of solid state lighting (SSL) alongside the theoretical predictions was examined. The discussion includes its crystallographic orientations, substrate growth, colour rendering, misfit dislocations, quantum well fabrication, stacking fault and energy efficiency. It has been discovered that the challenges confronting the potential of SSL devices may not just be ambient temperature of the operating environment or the safe limits of the blue/white-light hazard. This paper sheds lighter on the physics responsible for the SSL white lighting, wave function lapping at different crystallographic orientations and stress relaxation limits of quantum well (QW) heterointerfaces

Extracts of Cola acuminata, Lupinus arboreus and Bougainvillea spectabilis as Natural Photosensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Organic dyes from Cola acuminata (C. acuminata), Lupinus arboreus (L. arboreus) and Bougainvillea spectabilis (B. spectabilis) leaves and their mixtures were used as sensitizers to manufacture dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Photoelectric measurements of C. acuminata showed a short circuit current (Jsc) of 0.027 mA/ cm2, 0.026 mA/ cm2 and 0.018 mA/ cm2 with a mixture of mercury chloride and iodine (Hgcl2 + I); potassium bromide and iodine (KBr + I); and potassium chloride and iodine (KCl + I) respectively. The open circuit voltage (Voc) was 24 mV, 25 mV and 20 mV for the three dyes respectively. L. arboreus had Jsc of 0.034 mA/ cm2, 0.021 mA/ cm2 and 0.013 mA/ cm2; and corresponding Voc of 28 mV, 14.2 mV and 15 mV for the three electrolytes respectively. B. spectabilis recorded Jsc 0.023 mA/ cm2, 0.026 mA/ cm2 and 0.015 mA/ cm2; and corresponding Voc values of 6.2 mV, 14.3 mV and 4.0 mV for the three electrolytes respectively. It was observed that the fill factor (FF) was 0.140 for C. acuminata, 0.3198 for L. arboreus and 0.1138 for B. spectabilis. Internal conversions of 0.096%, 0.056% and 0.063% were recorded for three dyes when combined with (KBr + I) electrolyte. The internal efficiency of C. acuminata DSSC was highest in value

Brief review on the physics of solid-state lighting device

In this review, the chronological advances of solid state lighting (SSL) alongside the theoretical predictions was examined. The discussion includes its crystallographic orientations, substrate growth, colour rendering, misfit dislocations, quantum well fabrication, stacking fault and energy efficiency. It has been discovered that the challenges confronting the potential of SSL devices may not just be ambient temperature of the operating environment or the safe limits of the blue/white-light hazard. This paper sheds lighter on the physics responsible for the SSL white lighting, wave function lapping at different crystallographic orientations and stress relaxation limits of quantum well (QW) heterointerface

Novel Liquid Semiconductor Shield for Photovoltaic Modules: Application at Liquid State

Inefficiency of the polymeric material of the photovoltaic (PV) module to shield the solar cell from UV radiation has made the maintenance cost of solar energy generation high. The results from the usage of colour plastic cellophanes as PV shield are not promising. In this study, a novel solid-state bio-filter (SSB) was synthesized using silver nitrate salt and hibiscus flower extract. The results show that the novel SSB material mitigates UV radiation via two processes i.e. reflection of UV radiation and processing of the remaining UV radiation into peaks. It was also observed that the SSB has three absorption levels and a bandgap of 3.194 eV. It is recommended that further study be carried-out to estimate the portion of UV radiation that has been reflected

The interboundary properties and kinematics of N719 dye with titania photoanode framework and spectral responses with different electrolytes

Titanium oxide is as ancient in age as our planet but its use for photoanode is more recent. It exists naturally as rutile (the second most abundant), anatase and brookite ores. The anatase several metastable states trigger diverse spectral responses with Magnifera Indica Linn. (M.indica L) dye as it is synthesized with an N719 dye grown on its matrix. Facile doctor blade method and high temperature sintering at 723 Kwere used in fabrication. Doping of titanium oxide in effect lowers the band gap of TiO2 for photo-excitation caused by a bathochromic shift and simultaneously decreases the rate of recombination in photogenerated electron–hole pairs. This study explored the visible light induced photocatalytic action of doped M.indica L DSSC towards reduction of titaniumoxide bandgap. The SEMmicrographs reveal themolecular interactions and the interplay as electrolytes percolate the intricate N719 dye/Titania framework. Detailed analysis stem from comparison of M.indica L crude faction and the batch separated faction using FTIR spectroscopy. The absorbance peak, rates of reaction and % transmittance identify the particular chromophores responsible for the reaction. Result shows the batch-separated hexane faction approximately 1000 times more efficient than its crude faction although the ff of the crude was only about twice that of the hexane faction. The optical study showed that doping ions lead to an increase in the absorption edge wavelength, and a decrease in the band gap energy of TiO2 nanoparticles. The doped TiO2 nanoparticles in general showed higher photocatalytic activities than the pure ones