Synthesis, Morphostructure, Surface Chemistry and Preclinical Studies of Nanoporous Rice Husk-Derived Biochars for Gastrointestinal Detoxification

This article summarizes the methodology of synthesis, surface functionalization and structural properties of rice husk-derived nanostructured carbon enterosorbents (biochars) in connection with the preliminary in vitro study results of uraemic toxin adsorption in model experiments, as well as preclinical trials in vivo. The obtained nanostructured carbon sorbents were studied using a number of modern physicochemical methods of investigation: low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, isotherms recording and calculation of the specific surface area, pore volumes were carried out using the Autosorb-1 "Quantachrome" device. Scanning electron microscopy and EDS-analysis. Mercury intrusion porosimetry analysis of the ACs were accomplished using "Quantachrome Poremaster" data analysis software. In vitro adsorption results assessed by use of HPLC and UV-spectroscopy for the nanostructured carbon sorbents with respect to the investigated low-molecule toxins suggest that the rice husks-derived carbon enterosorbents modified with the functional groups are able to reduce clinically significant levels of uraemic toxins and are comparable to the commercial enterosorbents. Based on the results of the comparative analysis for biocompatibility of canine kidney epithelial cells it was determined that the samples of the modified sorbents CRH P 450 and CRH 475 KOH 850 N do not exhibit cytotoxicity in comparison with the commercial carbon enterosorbent «Adsorbix Extra». According to the results of the in vivo studies, it was determined that there was a the positive effect of enterosorbent on uremia and intoxication

Study of qualitative and quantitative indicators of the spermatogenesis for determination of the effectiveness of cryopreservation

Semen or spermatozoa cryopreservation (commonly called sperm banking) is a procedure to preserve sperm cells. Semen can be used successfully indefinitely after cryopreservation and might be stored successfully over 20 years. It can be used for sperm donation where the recipient wants the treatment in a different time or place, or as a means of preserving fertility for men undergoing vasectomy or treatments that may compromise their fertility, such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy or surgery. However, before the cryopreservation, it is necessary to check the parameters of the ejaculate and treat the sperm in a special container (a small in diameter plastic box with information about the patient) to increase the concentration of spermatozoa. Put the container for storage into Dewar tube. In some cases, cryopreservation might worsen the quality of the ejaculate. After freezing, the mobility and morphology of the sperm can deteriorate. Thus, it is desirable to carry out freezing in test conditions to determine the need for the frozen material. Especially when spouses plan to use additional fertilization programs, this approach should be taken into account, since cryopreservation might cause a spontaneous change in the program of intracytoplasmic vaccination of the spouse. One of the methodological problems of cryopreservation is poor quality of the ejaculate, i.e. when freezing spermatozoa, their activity and function deteriorate from the norm. This reduces the possibility of using them in the future for artificial insemination. Results of the experiment show that cryof preservation is possible only in specialized centers with the highest professional standards