Mast Cell Development and Density in Fetal Sheep Skin

In this study, histological and histochemical properties and distrubition of mast cells (MCs) were investigated in the fetal sheep skin. Fetuses were divided into 7 age groups. Skin samples were taken from 35 fetuses of between 56 day and 145 day-old. The samples were fixed in neutral buffered formaline and paraffin sections were cut a thickness of 5 mu m. Tissues were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, toluidine blue (TB) and alcian blue/safranin O (AB/SO). Mast cell numbers determined in a test area (1 mm(2)). Mast cells were firstly recognized in skin of 83 days-old fetuses. The MCs were observed around the blood vessels and hair follicles in dermis. MCs granules were stained with AB in 3(rd) and 4(th) groups also were stained with AB/SO in last three groups. MCs numbers were 2.80 +/- 0.87/mm(2) in 3(rd) group (75(th)-85(th) days), 12.40 +/- 2.03/mm(2) in 4(th) group (85(th)-100(th) days) 22.80 +/- 2.01/mm(2) in 5(th) group (100(th)-110(th) days), 26.00 +/- 1.04/mm(2) in 6(th) group (110(th)-120(th) days) and 27.20 +/- 0.24/mm(2) in 7(th) group (120(th)-145(th) days). The significance between 3(rd)-4(th) groups and last three groups were statistically important (P<0.001)

Examination of Structural Features of Skin in Sheep Breeds Fetuses with Histological Methods

In this study, skin's features were investigated in sheep during fetal period. Seventy sheep fetuses were divided in to seven fetal age groups with Crown-rump-length method. The skin samples which were taken from back region of fetuses were examined with histomorphogical methods. The samples were fixed in 10% buffered formaline. The tissue sections that were taken from parafin tissue blocks were stained with trichrome, silver-orcein-anilin blue, PAS-Haemalaun, acid fuchsin-anilin blue-orange G stain. It was observed that epidermis has 2-3 cell layers in first group and 3rd group. The layers were increased to 7 th and 8 th in 3rd group, then it were started to decrease and ended up with 3-4 layers. The thickness of epidermis were measured as 17.74 mu, 40.72 mu and 23.28 mu in the first, third and last groups respectivly (P < 0.005). In the dermis, although reticular and collagen fibers were exist even in the first group elastic fibers were seen clearly in the last group. The average initial thickness of dermis was 143.55 mu in the first group. It was 1770.00 mu in the last group. First hair follicule, secunder hair follicule, fat gland, sweat gland, Musculus arractor pilli and keratinisation of epidermis were seen at 56th, 82nd, 82nd, 94th, 86th, 94th days respectively

The Effect of Trifolium pratense L. (Red Clover) on Rat Testes

Trifolium pratense L. is a legume containing large amounts of phytoestrogen. It contains four important estrogenic isoflavones (biochanin A, formonentin, genistein, daidzein) and coumestans. The effect of Trifolium pratense L. on the testes of rats was investigated in terms of the following parameters: (a) testis weights, (b) volume densities of seminiferous tubule, seminiferous tubule epithelium, spermatogonium nucleus and Sertoli cell nucleus and (c) Sertoli cell number. For comparative purposes, the effect of the well characterized exogenous estrogen, 17-beta estradiol was also examined. Female Wistar rats (n = 80) and their male offspring (n = 54) were divided into 3 diet groups. The first group were given a basic diet with 7.5% Trifolium pretense L. added, the second group were given the basic diet with 0.5mg/kg dose of 17-beta estradiol added and the control group fed with the basic diet alone. The male offspring were sacrificed at postnatal days 18 and 90. Trifolium pretense L. in the diet was found to have a short term positive effect on pupertal spermatogenesis but a negative effect on it in the long term

The Effects of Genistein on the Cockerel Testis during Embryonic Development

There is no in vivo study on the effect of phytoestrogens on the development of testis in domestic fowl; therefore the aim of this study was to examine the effect of genistein on the cockerel testis during embryonic development. Genistein from soybean were injected into yolk via a small hole at the blunt end of the egg on day 4 of incubation. Cockerels were decapitated on post-hatching day 3 and paraffin sections of the testes were prepared. Nuclear volume density and absolute volume of Sertoli cells and germ cells, seminiferous tubule volume density and absolute volume were determined using the standard point counting method. Genistein did not cause any inhibitory effect on the embryonic development of cockerel testis. On the contrary it had a stimulatory effect on germ cell development

Comparison of Fixation Methods for Peripheral Nerve Fiber

Accurate fixation is a must for the assessment of myelinated nerve fiber morphology and transcardial perfusion and immersion methods are the most commonly used fixation techniques. In the present study we designed a new fixation technique for the histomorphometric and stereological evaluation of sciatic nerve fiber and referred it as instillation fixation. The method involved preliminary in situ fixation of the nerve sample without dissecting it from the animal body followed by a complete conventional fixation protocol. The objective of this study was to compare the three fixation techniques with each other for fixation artifacts. Eighteen female Wistar albino rats constituted the study material. The animals were allocated into three experimental groups corresponding to different fixation methods (immersion, instillation and transcardial perfusion, respectively). Quantitative assessments of nerve samples harvested from the animals of each group included the number of total myelinated axons, normal myelinated axons, alterations in myelin compaction, myelinated axons with irregular fiber shape, and with myelin loops and g ratio. Results revealed that normal nnyelinated axons were markedly lower in the immersion fixation group compared to those of instillation and transcardial perfusion. Moreover a significant decrease was noted with respect to alterations in myelin compaction in the instillation fixation group. In contrast, no significant difference was observed in myelin thickness and axon cross sectional area. In conclusion instillation fixation technique proved to be a valid and simple method for the assessment of peripheral nerve morphology for further analyses in a rat model

Prenatal exposure of diclofenac sodium affects morphology but not axon number of the median nerve of rats

The present study examined the effect of DS exposure on median nerve development in rats during prenatal life. Pregnant female rats were divided into three groups: a control group, a saline group and a DS group. Offspring of these animals were divided into 2 subgroups: 4 weeks old and 20 weeks old. Nerve samples were taken from the right legs and evaluated using stereological techniques in terms of the axon number, axon cross-sectional area, and myelin thickness. No drug-dependent macroscopic abnormality was observed in the nerve. No differences were noted for axon number in the control, saline, and DS groups of the same age and gender No gender difference was found for axon number or axon area between the other matched groups. In conclusion, prenatal exposure to diclofenac sodium does not affect axon number in rats, but can alter the morphology of the male and female median nerve

Does glioblastoma cyst fluid promote sciatic nerve regeneration?

Glioblastoma cyst fluid contains growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins which are known as neurotrophic and neurite-promoting agents. Therefore, we hypothesized that glioblastoma cyst fluid can promote the regeneration of injured peripheral nerves. To validate this hypothesis, we transected rat sciatic nerve, performed epineural anastomosis, and wrapped the injured sciatic nerve with glioblastoma cyst fluid- or saline-soaked gelatin sponges. Neurological function and histomorphological examinations showed that compared with the rats receiving local saline treatment, those receiving local glioblastoma cyst fluid treatment had better sciatic nerve function, fewer scars, greater axon area, counts and diameter as well as fiber diameter. These findings suggest that glioblastoma cyst fluid can promote the regeneration of injured sciatic nerve and has the potential for future clinical application in patients with peripheral nerve injury

Does glioblastoma cyst fluid promote sciatic nerve regeneration?

Glioblastoma cyst fluid contains growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins which are known as neurotrophic and neurite-promoting agents. Therefore, we hypothesized that glioblastoma cyst fluid can promote the regeneration of injured peripheral nerves. To validate this hypothesis, we transected rat sciatic nerve, performed epineural anastomosis, and wrapped the injured sciatic nerve with glioblastoma cyst fluid- or saline-soaked gelatin sponges. Neurological function and histomorphological examinations showed that compared with the rats receiving local saline treatment, those receiving local glioblastoma cyst fluid treatment had better sciatic nerve function, fewer scars, greater axon area, counts and diameter as well as fiber diameter. These findings suggest that glioblastoma cyst fluid can promote the regeneration of injured sciatic nerve and has the potential for future clinical application in patients with peripheral nerve injury

Investigation of the in vitro cytotoxic effects and wound healing activity of ternary composite substance (hollow silica sphere/gum arabic/methylene blue)

We aimed to test the adsorption of the methylene blue (MB) on HSEPCGUM as a dye and also to test the obtained ternary biocomposite substance (HSEPCGUM-MB) on wound healing. Hollow silica spheres (HSS) are used in the pharmaceutical and biochemical field, because of low toxic, highly biocompatible and mechanically stable by large surface areas. HSS was obtained by mechanochemistry method. The obtained HSS was treated with epichlorohydrin to carry out an epoxidation process (HSEPC). Then, HSEPC was functionalized by treatment with gum arabic (HSEPCGUM). MB was adsorbed onto HSEPCGUM and the adsorption maximum capacity of HSEPCGUM (X-max) was obtained 333 mg g(-1). For in vitro studies, according to the cytotoxicity test results, ternary biocomposite substance (HSEPCGUM-MB) was studied at non-cytotoxic concentrations 10, 50 and 100 mu g/ml and wound closure was found as 55% (100 g/m1) as compared to control. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Effects of Soybean Extract and L-Tryptophan on 2, 4-Dichlorophenol Induced Testicular Toxicity in Mice

Two, 4-Dichlorophenol (2, 4-DCP), an environmental pollutant has been in agriculture and synthetic chemical industry. The aim of present study was to analyse the testicular toxicity of 2, 4-DCP, which caused biochemical, spermatological and histological changes in male mice and to evaluate the possible ameliorative effect of soybean extract and L-Tryptophan (L-TRP). Soybean extract (25 mg/kg bw/day) and L-TRP (150 mg kg(-2) bw/day) were given by intraperitoneal (ip) route for 14 days. 2, 4-DCP was administered to male mice with drinking water at dose of 1000 ppm for 14 days. Biochemical parameters in serum ((glucose, creatinine, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)), spermatological and histological changes were investigated at the end of the 14 days comparatively with control group. We conclude that soy extract and L-tryptophan alleviate 2, 4-DCP testicular toxicity