Additive manufacturing applications in medical cases: A literature based review

Background: A significant number of the research paper on Medical cases using Additive manufacturing studied. Different applications of additive manufacturing technologies in the medical area analysed for providing the state of the art and direction of the development.The aim of work: To illustrate the Additive Manufacturing technology as being used in medical and its benefits along-with contemporary and future applications.Materials and methods: Literature Review based study on Additive Manufacturing that are helpful in various ways to address medical problems along with bibliometric analysis been done.Result: Briefly described the review of forty primary applications of AM as used for medical purposes along with their significant achievement. Process chain development in the application of AM is identified and tabulated for every process chain member, its achievement and limitations for various references. There are five criteria which one can achieve through medical model when made through AM technology. To support the achievements and limitations of every criterion proper references are provided. The ongoing research is also classified according to the application of AM in medical with criteria, achievement and references. Eight major medical areas where AM is implemented have been identified along with primary references, objectives and advantages.Conclusion: Paper deals with the literature review of the Medical application of Additive Manufacturing and its future. Medical models which are customised and sourced from data of an individual patient, which vary from patient to patient can well be modified and printed. Medical AM involves resources of human from the field of reverse engineering, medicine and biomaterial, design and manufacturing of bones, implants, etc. Additive Manufacturing can help solve medical problems with extensive benefit to humanity.Keywords: 3D scanning, 3D printing, Additive Manufacturing (AM), Medical, Applications, Medical model, Rapid Prototyping (RP

Risk Effect Of IT Outsourcing On Firm Performance And Value

This study examines the risk effect of IT outsourcing on firm performance and value in different types of contracts categorized by contract value and contract term. We used audited financial data to investigate the impact of IT outsourcing on firms’ performance and value. We examined the performance and value in a sample of 90 publicly traded firms that outsourced their IT activities between 1986 and 2009, over a four-quarter period following the outsourcing announcements. Our findings confirm the trend of shrinking outsourcing contract value and term in reality. The results reveal that short-term and low-weight IT outsourcing contracts improve firms’ performance more than long-term and high-weight contracts

Identifying and ranking of strategies to implement green supply chain management in Indian manufacturing industry using Analytical Hierarchy Process

Purpose – The study aims to identify and rank the major strategies that help achieve successful implementation of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) in Indian manufacturing industry. Design/methodology/approach – Strategies to implement GSCM have been identified thorough extensive literature review and then experts’ opinion is sought for categorizing them into four representative dimensions which are then ranked using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Findings – The study categorizes the GSCM implementation strategies into four dimensions - Non members of supply chain, downward stream supply chain Members, Organizational members of supply chain and upward stream supply chain members. These dimensions are found to play an important role in greening the supply chains enabling the practicing firms achieve enhanced operational performances. Research limitations/implications- AHP is used for ranking the GSCM implementation strategies in Indian manufacturing scenario. The pair-wise comparisons are made on the basis of the opinion of the experts drawn from academia and industry. As is natural, opinions of experts may not always be free from bias or prejudices. Moreover, the study relied more on the GSCM practices literature in developed nations as only limited literature related to the undertaken work in the Indian context was available. Practical implications – This paper may play important role in understanding various strategies and ranking them in order of importance. This facilitates firms prioritize different actions for achieving high GSCM performances in Indian manufacturing industry. Strategic implementation of green supply chain management will help Indian manufacturing enterprises enjoy cost and efficiency benefits. Originality/value – GSCM is a relatively new topic for majority of Indian manufacturing industries. This work is likely to help GSCM practitioners select suitable strategies in consonance with the government regulations and customers’ requirementsPeer Reviewe

Green construction in India: gaining a deeper understanding

A workshop on green construction was organized in New Delhi in July 2008 by Jamia Millia University, India and University of Salford, U.K., aiming to increase 'green' practices that are environmentally friendly and energy efficient. The workshop included participants from regulatory bodies, public and private construction companies and researchers. The object of the workshop was to provide an opportunity to capture issues, challenges and research issues in green practices throughout the supply chain in the construction sector in India. The methodology constituted a survey that was provided to all participants, where eight questions were composed by the facilitators. The participants were asked about their views on voluntary and compulsory ways of assessment and audit of green implementation in India. The findings of the workshop featured major challenges, drivers, initiatives, and the ways of effective implementation as well as enforcement on the discussed topic

Barriers to implement green supply chain management in automobile industry using interpretive structural modeling technique-An Indian perspective

Purpose: Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) has received growing attention in the last few years. Most of the automobile industries are setting up their own manufacturing plants in competitive Indian market. Due to public awareness, economic, environmental or legislative reasons, the requirement of GSCM has increased. In this context, this study aims to develop a structural model of the barriers to implement GSCM in Indian automobile industry. Design/methodology/approach: We have identified various barriers and contextual relationships among the identified barriers. Classification of barriers has been carried out based upon dependence and driving power with the help of MICMAC analysis. In addition to this, a structural model of barriers to implement GSCM in Indian automobile industry has also been put forward using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) technique. Findings: Eleven numbers of relevant barriers have been identified from literature and subsequent discussions with experts from academia and industry. Out of which, five numbers of barriers have been identified as dependent variables; three number of barriers have been identified as the driver variables and three number of barriers have been identified as the linkage variables. No barrier has been identified as autonomous variable. Four barriers have been identified as top level barriers and one bottom level barrier. Removal of these barriers has also been discussed. Research limitations/implications: A hypothetical model of these barriers has been developed based upon experts’ opinions. The conclusions so drawn may be further modified to apply in real situation problem. Practical implications: Clear understanding of these barriers will help organizations to prioritize better and manage their resources in an efficient and effective way. Originality/value: Through this paper we contribute to identify the barriers to implement GSCM in Indian automobile industry and to prioritize them. The structured model developed will help to understand interdependence of the barriers. This paper also suggests the removal of these barriers.Peer Reviewe

Product Design and Development using Polyjet Rapid Prototyping Technology

The Rapid prototyping process has proved to be a good approach since all requirements could be fulfilled. With the help of this technology design and size of product will be easily changed.Complicated small shape products are also manufactured easily. We integrate polyjet technology for product development which is used to become a game-changing innovation for designers, engineers and manufacturers. It improves customer satisfaction. 3D printing helps organizations get better products to market faster than ever before. It enables design teams to quickly produce a high-quality, realistic prototype with moving parts, at low cost when compared to other methods such as CNC machining or outsourcing .The modifications on the product are simple to execute. The Poly Jet technology for manufacture of prototype models is adequate with respect to shape as well as dimension requirements. The advantages are obvious particularly in case of exacting shapes which would be difficult to manufactured by conventional processes or the price would be too high and the time of manufacture too long. Taking into consideration the experience in rapid manufacture of prototype models, their applicability and the responses of users, In cases only a few products not exposed to high mechanical loadings are needed, the models made by Poly Jet process are undoubtedly a good solution.In this paper we also reviewed effect of process parameter on mechanical properties and takentime consideration. Keywords: 3D Printing, Model Making, Additive manufacturing, Innovation, Polyjet Technology, Rapid Prototypin

Monte carlo method for evaluation of uncertainty of measurement in brinell hardness scale

Though method based on law of propagation of uncertainty (LPU), described in GUM, is widely used as an international method for estimation of the uncertainty associated with measurements, JCGM through supplement JCGM 101:2008, which deals with the propagation of distributions, recommends the application of Monte Carlo method (MCM) to evaluate the uncertainty of measurement as an alternative method to LPU. In MCM approach, probability distribution function of measurand has been determined by assigning appropriate probability distribution of the input quantities. In the present paper, effort has been made to discuss the procedure for the application of MCM for computing the uncertainty of measurement of hardness blocks, which have been calibrated by Brinell hardness machine and observations have been recorded. A comparison of the findings of the LPU and MCM has been made, which shows good agreement between the two methodologies adopted. The paper attempts to highlights the MCM for uncertainty of measurement evalution and its implications in this regard. The paper thrusts upon the practical viability of MCM in similar applications and reliability of method have been discussed and presented

Quality Infrastructure of National Metrology Institutes: A Comparative Study

Each country has its own system of Quality Infrastructure (QI) developed for the effective operations, management, regulations, control of national trade, international exchanges of goods & collaborations and recognition of their products and services to enable them to enter into the global market. These QI systems consist of national governments, civic, public and private institutions, organizations, boards, associations, forums, scientific societies, federations industries etc. These agencies work in coordination and with synergy to formulate, suggest, execute, disseminate and implement, as per their relevant responsibilities; the national policies, procedures; guidelines, legal & regulatory structure, and good practices to support and strengthen the quality for safe & environmentally friendly products, services, and processes. It relies on metrology, standardization, accreditation, and conformity assessment. Several countries have strong QI, and accordingly, have proper industrial and economic growth. On the contrary, some of the countries lack the necessary infrastructure to meet the quality standards, and as a result, they face problems and challenges in this competitive world. This paper describes the essential components of stronger International Quality Infrastructure (IQI) and the National Quality Infrastructure (NQI). A comparative study carried out on the NQIs of 9 leading countries is also discussed. A comparative study on the Global Quality Infrastructure Index (GQII) of the top 10 economies is also included. Admittedly, though utmost care is taken to accommodate most relevant information, some of the unnoticed discrepancies are not ruled out, which may be unintentional. It is hoped that this paper would be useful for students, researchers, academicians, scientists, metrologists, quality experts, administrators, and policymakers as an information bank on NQIs and GQIIs of several countries