Emergence of Raoultella ornithinolytica producing AmpC -Beta lactamases in the different clinical specimens

The incidence of AmpC β –lactamases producing member of Enterobacteriaceae is increasing in recent years. The aim of this study was to evaluate AmpC β –lactamases production by clinical isolates of Raoultella  ornithinolytica by phenotypic detection (AmpC  disc  test (ADT) and modified three dimensional test(MTDT)) . Twenty isolates(8.73%) of Raoultella sp. were identified among 229 (70.89%) different bacteria (gram negative and gram positive) that isolated from different clinical specimens (urine 8(9.8%), burns 5(12.19%), wound5(6.3%) and stool 2(8.6%)) .Three species of Raoultella were isolated in this study that included Raoultella  ornithinolytica (16(6.98%)), Raoultella  terrigena (3 (1.31%)) and Raoultella planticola(1(0.43%)). Thirteen (81%) and10(62.5%) of Raoultella  ornithinolytica were resist to cefoxitin and amoxicillin-clavulanate respectively,10 out of 13 cefoxitin resistant and all isolates that resistant to   amoxicillin-clavulanate were produced AmpC β –lactamases by two  phenotypic tests .The AmpC β – lactamases producers were distributed to 3(100%) from burns ,6(75%)from urine and 1(33.3%) from wounds .The study showed AmpC β – lactamases producers were also high resist to other antibiotics that included tetracycline (90%) and ciprofloxacin(80%),and all isolates (100%) were sensitive to imipenem . KEYWORDS: Raoultella ornithinolytica, AmpC β –lactamases, clinical specimens

Bacterial contamination of Iraqi paper currency in circulation in Al-Nasiriyah city, Thi – Qar province

The aim of this study was to investigate the types of bacteria which contaminated the Iraqi paper currency in circulation in Al –Nasiriyah city, Thi – Qar province. It was collected 75 paper currencies in circulation which included  15 of each one for five category of  (250, 1000, 5000, 10,000, 25,000 ) dinars from different sources  (fish vendors, vegetable sellers, cafeteria, officers, butchers) .the study was appeared the higher number of aerobic plate count (APC)were founded in denomination 1000 dinar in range ( 40 -900 )C.F.U. / ml, while the lowest number were in denomination 250 dinar in range (20-80) C.F.U . / ml . Sixty five of different bacterial isolates were obtained from 75 samples of paper currency., the denomination 250 was contaminated with the highest number of isolates ,it recorded 18(27.7%)isolates . Escherichia coli was predominated among other bacteria, it was registered 12(18.46%) followed by Micrococcus sp.(9(13.8%)). Streptococcus sp. was registered the lowest number (1(1.53%))among other isolates .The number of bacterial isolates that obtained from paper currency of fish venders was more than that in other possesses , it was reached 17 (26.15%), and the paper currency of Officers showed  the lowest number of isolates(7(10.76%))

Bacterial contamination of Iraqi paper currency in circulation in Al-Nasiriyah city, Thi

The aim of this study was to investigate the types of bacteria which contaminated the Iraqi paper currency in circulation in A

Bacterial Infections in Thalassemia Patients at Thi-Qar Province/ South Iraq

The results showed that among the 20 stool samples, (11) 55% sample did not show any growth, and (9) 45% sample showed growth, the statistical analysis show no significant difference at the level of probability (0.05),  the infections distributed as flowing :  Staphylococcus genus in 2 sample (22.22%), Protues genus  in 2 sample (22.22%),  Escherichia.coli in 2 samples (22.22%), Pseudomonas in 2 sample (22.22%). and Enterobacter in one sample (11.11%).The present study was carried out from October  2013 to March 2014  to detect the bacterial causative agent causing septicemia in thalasemia patients at Thi-Qar province, represent patients referred to the center of thalassemia / AL-Haboby hospital in Thi-Qar province. The present study was showed that out of 40 blood sample, (25) 62.5% did not show any growth, (15) 37.5% showed growth, and the highest infection was recorded with the Streptococcus genus in 9 (60%) sample, and the lowest infection rate was recorded  in the Escherichia.coli  in one sample (6.6%) with significant difference. The results of urine samples showed that  among the 40 sample , (22) 55% sample did not show any growth, and (18) 45% sample showed growth, which reported highest infection  in Staphylococcus genus  in 7 (38.88%) samples, followed by Protues genus in 6(33.33%) samples, E.coli in 4 (22.22%) samples, and then Pseudomonas in one sample by (5.55 %) with no significant difference.

Seasonal variation of some contamination indicators in Euphrates river water in Al- Nasiriyah city

This study was aimed to evaluated the bacterial contamination of the Euphrates river flowing through the city of Nasiriyah , the study was included done some bacteriological tests on river water, and the samples were collected from three stations , included three indicators , total coliform (TC) bacteria , Fecal coliform (FC) and Fecal Streptococci (FS). The sampling performed monthly for monitoring  of water river  in  2016 , it   was expressed  seasonally , It was appeared that TC , FC and FS was registered higher rates for all stations in autumn in range (2900-4400) (2000- 3500), (11000 - 14000) cell / 100 ml respectively  and the smallest rates was in summer season in ranged between (1500- 2600), (1800- 2200) and (3000 - 4200) cell / 100 ml respectively . The second station was appeared higher numbers of all indicators bacteria for all seasons in range (2600-4400), (2200-3500)and (1400-9200)  cell / 100 ml respectively ,while The first station was registered smallest numbers of them for all seasons in ranges (1500-2900), (1500-2000)and (3000 - 13000) cell/ 100 ml respectively . According to parameters of water quality Interpretation and Standards of European Communities, 1989  and Environmental Protection Agency ,2001 , all numbers of TC were less the numbers of A1 category(˂5000 cell / 100ml ), FC bacteria were more than numbers of A1 (˃1000 cell / 100ml  ) and less than numbers of A2 group  (˂5000 cell / 100ml  ) . In regarded of FS , they were larger than numbers of A2 group(˃2000 cell / 100ml) and larger than numbers of A3 group (˃10,000 cell / 100  ml  ).The results of the study were found when studying the source of fecal contamination by using the proportion of FC to FS , all proportions to all stations in all seasons were less than 0.7,this indicate to contamination source was animal feces , except in station number 1 in spring the ratio was 1.88  which indicate to mixed contaminatio