Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Analysis of Film Formation in CO2 Corrosion

Corrosion is defined as the deterioration of material, usually metal, by a chemical or electro-chemical reaction with its environment. In oil and gas industry, CO2 corrosion is one of the recognized problems particularly in production, transportation facilities and the material selection process. In the application of carbon steel, it has become a main concern because of its high corrosion rate and the formation of protective iron carbonate (FeCO3) film layers. Current models often over-predict CO2 corrosion rates for wet gas and oil transport systems. One of the main reasons for this is the fact that the formation of corrosion product scales is not properly taken into account

A Comparative Study: Commonalities of Job Stress Factors in Conventional Banking vs. Islamic Banking in Southern Punjab (Pakistan)

Banking sector works as the back bone for the Economics development for a country. Stability of the economic system is dependent on the stable banking system. Banking system is the most efficiency way of transferring the money from savor to borrowers in a safe mood. Banking system are categorized in many ways like government and private banking, conventional and Islamic banking, private and semi government banking and many others. This researched is conducted to find out the job stress factors in two banking sector which are conventional and Islamic banking sector. The research is trying to rank the stress factors from most stressor to non stressor and then finding the commonalities of these high ranked stress factors in both sectors of banking. For the research, 300 respondents are taken, 150 from conventional and 150 from Islamic banking, 25 Branches of each sector are selected for responses which are taken from the 10 Districts of southern Punjab (Pakistan). Four Conventional Banks are  “National Bank of Pakistan”, “United Bank Ltd”, “Muslim Commercial Bank Ltd”, “Allied Bank Ltd” and four banks from Islamic banking which are “AlBaraka Bank (Pakistan) Limited” “Bank Islami Pakistan Limited” “Dubai Islamic Bank Pakistan Limited” “Meezan Bank Limited” are considered in this study. Literature review and interviews make the research team able to find 9 factors of job stress in banking sector. For ranking and finding the commonalities, A questionnaire was used on which the responses are taken. Data analysis on the basis of scale used reveals the fact that among 9 factors of job stress there are 4 common factors in both sectors which are ““Over Work Load” “Public Dealing” “Long work timing instead of official timing of 9am to 5pm” and “market competition”. In addition to this, 1 factor which is high ranked for conventional banking is not included in Islamic banking is the pressure of deposit and other targets but it is not included in Common stress Factor Class as it is not highly ranked in Islamic Banking Response. In the same way 1 factor is high ranked in Islamic Banking that is “Low Salaries as compare to work Load” but it is not classified as high ranked in conventional banking, so this factor is particularly attached to the Islamic banking but not common in both sector. The Research is winded up with the recommendations that State Bank of Pakistan, Branch Manager, Operation Manager and HR Manager should play their role in order to manage the work load and good scheduling system to reduce the job stress factors in Banking sector. Research provide the new ways of research by considering the Gender and Designation discrimination in banking sector as stress factor varies on gender and designation level which can be new door for future research. Keyword:               Islamic Banking, Conventional Banking, Job Stress Factor, Comparative Stud

Determination of load capacity of a nongasketed flange joint under combined internal pressure, axial and bending loading for safe strength and sealing

Performance of a bolted flange joint is characterized mainly due to its ‘strength’ and ‘sealing capability’. A number of analytical and experimental studies have been conducted to study these characteristics only under internal pressure loading. A very limited work is found in literature under combined internal pressure and bending loading. Due to the ignorance of external loads i.e. bending and axial in addition to the internal pressure loading, an optimized performance of the bolted flange joint can not be achieved. The present design codes do not address the effects of combined loading on the structural integrity and sealing ability. To investigate joint strength and sealing capability under combined loading, an extensive comparative experimental and numerical study of a non-gasketed flange joint with two different taper angles on the flange surface and with different load combinations is carried out and overall joint performance and behavior is discussed. Actual joint load capacity is determined under both the design and proof test pressures with maximum additional external loading (axial and bending) that can be applied for safe joint performance

Cognitive Storage Model And Mapping With Classical Data Structures

Memories are the internal mental records that we maintain .Human mind is a very complex organ.. Processing depends on how we memorize information, events and how we recall things and use them efficiently in situations when required. It can be related that for Storage in mind we use different data structures for storing variety of information. We remember the names of known persons, and the people we met more frequently.The Topics in book, Months of the year, our CNIC Number, the way we learn words of a new language etc. Recently invented data structures e.g skiplist [1] show much similarity of how the brain store the information. So we can say Careful study of how the cognitive storage works could lead to the discovery of the new data structures In this paper we have attempted to relate the existing data structures with how we store information in mind

Effect of Job Design on Employee Satisfaction (A Study of Fertilizer Companies Listed in Lahore Stock Exchange)

Human is declared as “Better” in all living creation. That is the reason behind the importance of the Human Resource whether in Business Organizations or Non-Business Organization. It is the asset which can neither be copied nor be created. In the past two decades, the importance of Human Resource becomes shinier for the organizations especially for the business sectors. Human Resource Management, now a day, is the most important area for Business Organizations and Vital Topic for the Researchers as well. Achieving target and goals, capturing new markets and niches, acquiring and selling are one dimension of success for the organization, but now organizations are putting a valuable consideration to Human Resource Management and its issues. Job Design, Job Enrichment, Job Enlargement, Employee Satisfaction and Motivation, Brain Drain, Performance and Reward are some factors which captured the attention of the organizations. This Research exist in the orbit of the topic “Effect of job design on Employee Satisfaction” and declare 6 Variables of job design which is Independent Variable and find the relation of these variables with employee satisfaction through correlation and linear regression technique. Through Questionnaire, Primary data is collected and by the use of SPSS and Excel 2007, the results are concluded that there is a strong positive correlation between Job Design and Employee Satisfaction and both of these variables move in the same direction. Keyword: Job Design, Employee Satisfaction, Fertilizer Companies, Lahore Stock Exchang

A Descriptive Study: Integration of Technology Bring Flexibility to Distance Education in Pakistan

Due to the ability to learn, think and decide, Human is declared as “Better” in whole living creation in the universe. Education is encouraged in all the religions including Islam. As the First word in the Quran is “Iqra” means Read. From the books of Hadith and the example of Battle of Badar, the importance of education can be found. In the world, normally two types of education sectors are exists, one is regular education with physically existence of classes and second is distance education. In this research, focus of the research team is on Distance Education and Technological Integration in Distance Education along with the flexibility that technology brings to Distance Education in Pakistan. For this descriptive study the data used is gathered from secondary sources such as web sites of distance education universities in Pakistan, head offices and university magazines. For this research, two major distance education universities are discussed which are Allama Iqbal Open University and Virtual University of Pakistan. The Research describes that Distance Education Starts in 1974 in Pakistan and Pakistan has the honor to be the first country in Asia who introduce Open University concept and distance education and 2nd in the World. Allama Iqbal Open University started its distance education initially by hiring the tutors in the different institutions for its student nationwide. However, with IET development the teaching method converted from traditional tutor system to the tutoring broadcast on television and radio network. But the examination system remains as traditional which was paper based examination system along with the paper based assignments for evaluating the student. In 2002, First IT Based University “Virtual University of Pakistan” came into being and developed VULMS Virtual University learning management system. Virtual University of Pakistan is the first IT Based and totally equipped with modern information and communication technology. VULMS contains virtual class room which can be accessed by the student by providing unique student ID and password. VULMS contains video lectures of the student having revise listening option which is better than television broadcast. VULMS allow the student to download their assignment through internet from anywhere and also submit them. It also has the complete section of student Fee record, result record and other services like paper rechecking, freeze and unfreeze the semesters, apply for degree and result card etc. In 2008, Virtual University introduced online examination system which replace traditional paper system in distance education and with online system of education the next step of Virtual University was to introduce the facility of making own date sheet option for the students. By realizing that majority of the students in distance education are professional so this service was given to students. While remaining in the announced exam timing students can select dates, timing and exam city on their own for examination as per their availability. This research describe all the phases of these technological integration one by one phase wise and discuss the impact of these integration in term of brining flexibility for the students of distance education in Pakistan. Keyword: Education, Distance Education, Technology in Education, Education in Pakista

Genre Analysis of MA Thesis Abstracts by native and (Iraqi) non-native Speakers of English

الخلاصة ان هدف الدراسة الحالية هو البحث عن تحليل الانتقالات والخطوات في فصل الخلاصة الخاص بالرسائل المكتوبة بفرع اللغة. تتكون العينة من قسمين, (15) رسالة ماجستير مكتوبة من قبل الأمريكيين الناطقين الاصليين بالإنكليزية, و(15) اخرى مكتوبة من قبل العرب العراقيين الناطقين غير الاصليين بالإنكليزية. هنالك بعض التشابه والاختلاف فيما يخص تكرار الانتقالات ونسبة تكرارها. ان نتائج الدراسة الحالية يمكن ان تكون مفيدة في جعل الطلاب العراقيين متأقلمين مع كتابة قصل الخلاصة بشكل افضل.Abstract         The purpose of the present study is to investigate the macro-structure (move-step analysis) of abstract section of MA theses in linguistics. There are two corpora consist of fifteen MA theses written by American native and fifteen others by Iraqi Arab non-native speakers of English. Based on the analysis, some similarities and differences were found regarding cyclicity (move structure) and move-step frequency of occurrence. The findings of the present study are useful for Iraqi non-native writers by presenting the important factors that make them familiar with rhetorical move-step structure of MA thesis abstracts

Three pregnancies with mechanical heart valve and no follow-up in 10 years

Anticoagulation and proper INR (International Normalized Ratio) monitoring is essential for patients having mechanical heart valves; it is vital in these patients in order to prevent lethal complications such as valve thrombosis and systemic embolism. In pregnancy, it becomes even more important as pregnancy itself is a hypercoagulable state. This report describes a female patient having undergone mitral valve replacement with a Starr Edward metallic prosthesis. She came back to the operating surgeon after 10 years of valve replacement with a history of three uneventful healthy deliveries and no follow-up and INR monitoring during this period

Corporate Governance Attributes and Firm Value: Evidence from Pakistan

A sound corporate governancemechanism is associated with significant and positive effect on firm’s value, increasingproductivity and earnings, decreasing systematic risks and easier access to capital.This paper aims to examine the difference in quality of firm level governance characteristicsand its impact on firm performance for companies listed at Karachi Stock Exchangeduring the years from 2010 to 2013. Empirical analysis was made between firm’s valueas measured by Tobins Q and Corporate Governance characteristics: Board Size, BoardMembers, CEO Duality and Audit Committee independence. The results indicate thatthere is a relationship between corporate governance attributes and firm performancein Pakistan. Members on the Board can add to companies’ activities by ensuring properimplementation of policies. We found positive significant relationship between AuditCommittee Independence and firm performance. CEO duality does affect firm performancebut its value is not significant. We could not find significant relationship betweenboard independence and firm performance. Presence of female directors and familydirectors on the board affects firm performance negatively.Keywords: CorporateGovernance, Firm Performance, Tobins Q, Pakistan, Female Directo