Preliminary study of p53 and c-erbB-2 expression in gallbladder cancer in Indian patients manuscript id: 8962091628764582

BACKGROUND: The inactivation of the tumour suppressor gene and activation of the proto-oncogene are the key steps in the development of the human cancer. The p53 and c-erbB-2 are the best examples of it. In the present study, our aim was to determine the role of these genes in the carcinogenesis of gallbladder by immunohistochemistry. METHODS: In all 78 consecutive patients of gall bladder diseases were studied for p53 and c-erbB-2 expression immunohistochemically and their expression was correlated with the age, grades and stages of the disease and presence of stone. An informed consent was obtained in each case. Chi square and z test were applied to see the association of p53 and c-erbB-2 over expression with other clinicopathological factors. RESULTS: Eight (20%) patients of gall bladder cancer were positive for p53 expression and 10 (25%) patients for c-erbB-2. The p53 positivity increased with increasing grade while cerbB-2 positivity decreased with increasing grade of gall bladder cancer. Mean age in cerbB-2 positive cases were lesser as compared to negative cases while p53 did not show such association with age. CONCLUSION: Only one case of gall bladder cancer co-expressed the p53 and c-erbB-2, thereby suggesting that p53 and c-erbB-2 may have independent role in carcinogenesis of gall bladder cancer. c-erbB-2 over expression in adenoma and younger age group indicates its role as an early event in carcinogenesis of gallbladder. However study of larger sample is required to further validate the results

The Effect of Suturing Protocols on Coronally Advanced Flap Root-Coverage Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis

The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate whether suturing protocols (suture removal timing and/or type of suture material) influence root coverage outcomes in recession defects treated with a coronally advanced flap (CAF) procedure. Databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE) were searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that assessed single-tooth, Miller Class I/II recession defects, surgically treated by CAF. Mixed-effects linear regression analysis evaluated differences on complete root coverage (CRC) between RCTs with early (<10 days postoperatively) and late (≥10 days) suture removal, as well as between RCTs using absorbable and non-absorbable sutures removed ≥10 days postoperatively. Seventeen RCTs were eligible for inclusion. Overall, data from 325 single gingival recession defects revealed a statistically significant superior proportion of sites exhibiting CRC when sutures were removed ≥10 days postoperatively compared to those in which sutures were removed <10 days (P = 0.03). Conversely, there were no significant differences in CRC outcomes between absorbable and non-absorbable sutures when they were removed ≥10 days after surgery (P = 1.00). The majority of included RCTs (59%) reported use of non-absorbable suture materials. Within the limitations of the available data, it can be concluded that early suture removal (<10 days) can negatively influence root-coverage outcomes in single-tooth defects treated by a CAF procedure. There is a strong need for studies designed specifically to investigate suturing protocols in root-coverage procedures