RNS scavenging activity of PNME.

<p><b>A.</b> Nitric oxide inhibition, <b>B.</b> Peroxynitrite radical scavenging. The results are the mean ± S.D. of six parallel measurements. ***p < 0.001 vs. control.</p

The effect of DBME on liver parameters (SOD, CAT, GST, GSH) in iron overloaded mice.

<p>Values are mean ± SD of six observations.</p><p>^a<i>p<</i>0.05, ^b<i>p<</i>0.01and ^c<i>p<</i>0.001 significant difference from normal mice (B) group</p><p>^d<i>p<</i>0.05, ^e<i>p<</i>0.01 and ^f<i>p<</i>0.001 significant difference from iron overloaded (C) group</p><p>The effect of DBME on liver parameters (SOD, CAT, GST, GSH) in iron overloaded mice.</p

Quantification of phytochemicals of DBME.

<p>Quantification of phytochemicals of DBME.</p

Reactive nitrogen species scavenging activity of DBME and the reference compounds.

<p>(A) Nitric oxide inhibition, (B) peroxynitrite radical scavenging. The results are mean ± S.D. of six parallel measurements. ***p < 0.001 vs. 0 μg/ml.</p

Effect of DBME on hepatic iron content and serum ferritin level.

<p>(A) hepatic iron content, (B) serum ferritin level. Mice were randomly divided into six groups (blank, B; control, C; 50 mg/kg b.w. DBME, S50; 100 mg/kg b.w. DBME, S100; 200 mg/kg b.w. DBME, S200; desirox group, D) and treated as described in ‘experimental design’ section. Values are expressed as mean ± SD of six mice. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared with blank and ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 compared with control.</p

Metal chelation potential of PNME.

<p><b>A.</b> Iron chelation assay, <b>B.</b> Inhibition of lipid peroxidation, <b>C.</b> DNA protection assay. Agarose gel showing bands of supercoiled (SC) and open circular (OC) forms of pUC-18 DNA, and the graph denotes the % protection of supercoiled DNA by PNME. The results are the mean ± S.D. (n = 6). **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 vs. control.</p

IC₅₀ values of purpurin, catechin, tannic acid, reserpine, methyl gallate, rutin and DBME for <i>in vitro</i> iron chelation and cytotoxicity against WI-38 cells.

<p># All the IC₅₀ values are determined in μg/ml. Data expressed as mean ± S.D (n = 6).</p><p>IC₅₀ values of purpurin, catechin, tannic acid, reserpine, methyl gallate, rutin and DBME for <i>in vitro</i> iron chelation and cytotoxicity against WI-38 cells.</p

The changes in ALAT, ASAT, ALP and Bilirubin levels after oral therapy with PNME.

<p>The changes in ALAT, ASAT, ALP and Bilirubin levels after oral therapy with PNME.</p

Phytochemical analysis of PNME.

<p>Phytochemical analysis of PNME.</p

HPLC chromatogram of DBME.

<p>Inset shows expanded region of the chromatogram with retention time of 2–6 minutes. Peaks marked signify the retention peak of purpurin (2.5 min), catechin (3.04 min), tannic acid (3.24 min), reserpine (3.97 min), methyl gallate (14.55 min) and rutin (67.08 min).</p