Behavioral Treatment Strategy for Early Onset of Trichotillomania with Simultaneous Thumb Sucking

An early onset (before age 6) of trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder) tends to remit more readily and responds to suggestions, support, and behavioral strategies. We present a case of a five-year-old girl, with a three-year history of trichotillomania associated with simultaneous thumb sucking, who responded well with behavior treatment

Assessment of role of fetal head to perineum distance by ultrasound as a predictor of successful vaginal delivery prior to induction of labour

Background: Objective of the study was to determine the obstetrical outcome assessed as successful vaginal delivery by using ultrasonographically measured fetal head to perineal distance. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study on 180 antenatal women fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria at department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra. Trans-perineal ultrasonography for measurement of fetal head to perineum distance was done. After the scan, vaginal examination was done under all aseptic precautions to assess the various components of Bishop score (cervical position, cervical length, consistency, dilatation, station). Induction of labour was given after reaffirming that there was no contraindication for induction of labour. Monitoring of labour was done according to World Health Organization (WHO) modified partograph and cardiotocograph. Outcome of induction was considered successful if it resulted in vaginal delivery. Sensitivity and specificity of Bishop score, cervical length and foetal head to perineal distance was calculated and compared. Results: It was observed that predictability of fetal head to perineum distance measured using trans-perineal ultrasound was higher in all aspects compared to Bishop’s score and cervical length. Conclusions: The foetal head-perineum distance measured by trans-perineal ultrasound is an easy, definitive and non-invasive method for prediction of successful induction of labour and can be used as an adjunct tool to add more information to per vaginal examination findings. Based on imaging findings, patients can be counselled before induction of labour regarding the probability of successful induction

Mental Disability: A Retrospective Study of Socio-Clinical Profile of Patients Seeking Disability Certificate at a Tertiary Care Centre in Delhi

Background: Mental illness and mental retardation are included in "The persons with disabilities (Equal opportunities, protection of rights and full participation) Act, 1995” along with other causes of disabilities like blindness, hearing impairment, locomotor disability etc. The persons with disability are eligible for various social welfare benefits from the Government under this act if they have minimum 40% disability as certified by a Government medical authority. This is among one of the few studies on various mental disability related variables and socio-clinical profile of disability certificate seeking patients and is probably the only one to compare results with a similar kind of study done at the same centre five years ago.Objective: The study aims to assess the socio-demographic profile of the cases, severity of disability in the mentally retarded and mentally ill, co-morbid psychiatric and medical conditions, pattern of utilization of different government benefits and to compare results of current study with a study done at the same centre five years ago.Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in the Department of Psychiatry of a tertiary care multispecialty teaching hospital in New Delhi. This was a retrospective file-review based study of patients who were issued disability certificate for Mental retardation or Mental illness during January, 2015 to May, 2016. The subjects were diagnosed to be suffering from Mental retardation or Mental illness as per ICD-10 and disability was assessed as per guidelines issued by Government of India in 2001 for Mental retardation and for Mental illness in 2002. Indian Disability Evaluation and Assessment Scale (IDEAS) was used to assess disability in Mental illness cases.Statistical Analysis: The statistical analysis was done by using WHO'S Epi Info version 7.2. Frequency, percentages, t test and chi-square analysis were used to analyze the data.Results: Out of total 231 cases, majority were male 163 (70.6%), Hindu 211 (91.3%), under 18 years of age 160 (69.3%), unmarried 228 (98.7%), lived in nuclear family 186 (80.5%), from urban background 137 (59.3%). Total number of cases of Mental retardation were 220 (95.2%), 11 (4.7%) cases were of Mental illness.Severity wise in Mental Retardation group (220 cases) maximum number of cases were of Mild Mental Retardation 94(42.7%) having 50% disability, in Mental illness group 10 out of 11 cases had moderate disability (40-70% disability as per IDEAS Scoring). Medical co-morbidity was present in 22(9.5%) cases mainly in the form of Cerebral palsy, Epilepsy; 24(10.4%) patients had psychiatric co-morbidity in the form of Behavior problems, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Conduct disorder. Maximum number of patients 177(76.6%) applied to get Monthly allowance. On comparison with a similar study done at the same centre five years back, the significant difference was low mean age of sample and increased rural representation in the present study and both the differences were statistically significant.Conclusion: Number of patients seeking disability certificate has risen as compared to previous study. Majority of the cases were male, mostly from urban background although rural representation in comparison to previous (2011) study has increased significantly. Cases of Mental Retardation outnumbers patients with Mental illness seeking disability certificates reflecting more number of Mental illness cases seeking treatment early in the course of illness and availability of better treatment options.Information related to disability and various beneficiary schemes by Government of India needs to be provided in detail so that maximum number of cases can avail other benefits along with monetary one

Second Kind Chebyshev Wavelet Analysis of Abel’s Integral Equations

This paper presents two approximations of the solution functions of Abel’s integral equations belong ing to classes Hα[0,1), Hϕ[0,1) by (λk+1 −1,M)th partial sums of their second kind Chebyshev wavelet expansion in the interval [0,1), for λ > 1. These approximations are E(1) λk+1−1,M (f), E(2) λk+1−1,M (f). Chebyshev wavelets of the second kind were used to solve Abel’s integral equations. The Chebyshev wavelet of the second kind leads to a solution that is almost identical to their exact solution. This research paper’s accomplishment in wavelet analysis is noteworthy

ADVERSE IMPACT OF LOCKDOWN ON INDIAN SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR-A REVIEW

Due to high infectivity and death rates, the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease has caused worldwide social and psychologicalimpact by causing mass hysteria, economic burden, and feelings of aloneness during illness and financial losses. Studies have identified“coronaphobia” as a byproduct of the pandemic, where people have an extreme terror of contracting the virus. Mass fear of COVID-19 hascreated an overabundance of psychiatric manifestations across almost all strata of society. In this review, the psycho-social impacts ofCOVID-19 have been studied. As a data source Pubmed and Google Scholar are searched with the following key terms- “COVID-19 andsocial impact,” “SARS-CoV2 and social effects,” “social impact of current Pandemic,” “Psychological impact of COVID-19,” “Psycho-socialeffects and Coronavirus.” Many current published data and news were extracted that provide significant data. Our study revealed thatnationwide lockdowns and forced quarantine to fight against COVID-19 had produced acute panic, anxiety, obsessive behaviors, domesticabuse, hoarding, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and food insecurity, including marked impairment in daily lifefunctioning. The psycho-social aspects of older people, their caregivers, psychiatric patients and marginalized communities are badlyaffected in different ways and need special attention. From the present work, it can be concluded that there is an urgent need to find outeffective ways to treat people and bring them out of fear and stress. As these symptoms are seen in large population sizes, we also need tostudy the long-term effects of these adverse effects on the mass level

Effect of Karanja biodiesel blends on the characteristics of diesel engine

Extensive research is being conducted to create and use a wide range of alternative fuels to accommodate the world's growing energy needs. The objective of this experimental investigation was to analyze the effects of Karanja biodiesel blends on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a compression ignition (CI) engine vis-a-vis neat diesel. Important physical parameters of Karanja oil were examined experimentally after transesterification and determined to be within acceptable limits. BTE of Karanja biodiesel blends was about 3-8% lower than diesel. For Karanja biodiesel blends, BSFC was about 2-9% higher than diesel but exhaust gas temperature and volumetric efficiency were lower. Emissions characteristics such as nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide were also analyzed for various tested fuels. Karanja biodiesel blends resulted in lesser CO and HC formation. Nonetheless, NOx emissions were around 10% greater than diesel. Peak cylinder pressure, heat release rate, and maximum rate of pressure rise versus crank angle were among the combustion characteristics parameters considered in this study. Combustion analysis revealed that for Karanja biodiesel blends heat release rate and peak cylinder pressure were lower than for neat diesel. Findings indicate that Karanja biodiesel can be considered a viable diesel engine fuel

Comparison of personality factors, adherence to medication and quality of life in bipolar disorder-I patients with or without substance use disorder

Introduction: Some specific personality factors in patients of bipolar disorder are potential risk factors for developing comorbid substance use disorder. Comorbid substance use disorder is one of the most common factors associated with non-adherence to treatment in bipolar disorder patients leading to poor quality of life. We compared all three variables in bipolar disorder-1patients with or without substance use disorder. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study done on 90 patients of Bipolar disorder-1 diagnosed as per DSM-5, 45 without and 45 with comorbid substance use disorder. Personality factors, non-adherence to medication and quality of life were assessed and compared between both the groups using standardized tools and appropriate statistical analysis methods. Results: There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of distribution of socio-economic status (Bias Corrected Cramer'sV = 0.31 moderate association), gender (Bias Corrected Cramer'sV = 0.37 moderate association), distribution of 16 personality factor B (Cramer's V = 0.28) and factor G (χ2 = 6.222, p = 0.045) (Cramer's V = 0.26). Limitations: Small sample size and a cross-sectional study design. Conclusion: SUD and NSUD group differed on 16 PF factor B and G which are factors for reasoning and Rule-Consciousness respectively although on regression analysis this difference was not significant for factor G. In binary logistic regression multivariable model, an average score (as compared to low score) of personality factor B was found to significantly increase the ODDS of substance use. SUD group had more severity and greater number of episodes, had lower level of education, belonged to low socio-economic status

Importance and Calculation of Pharyngeal Spaces and Hyoid Position Before and After Orthognathic Surgery

Aim: The purpose of the study was to examine the changes in dimension of pharyngeal airway spaces (PAS) and hyoid bone position after surgery in class II and class III skeletal malocclusion. Methods: This study included 50 patients of class II and class III skeletal and dental malocclusion who had undergone orthognathic surgery. The pre and post treatment lateral cephalograms were taken to calculate upper and lower air way spaces and position of hyoid bone was also measured before and after the surgery. Results: Changes in upper and lower airway spaces and alteration in the location of hyoid bone was seen in Class II cases only. Conclusion: Maintaining of lower air way spaces in surgical class III cases of mandibular set back and position of hyoid bone is very important