Time to death in a prospective cohort of 252 patients treated for fracture of the proximal femur in a major hospital in Portugal

The objectives were to analyze one-year survival and mortality predictors in patients with fracture of the proximal femur (low/moderate trauma). A prospective cohort was formed by inviting all patients hospitalized in the Orthopedic Ward of the second largest hospital in Portugal (May 2008-April 2009). Survival was assessed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after fracture and related to demographic factors, lifestyle, and clinical history, as well as to data from medical records (fracture type, surgery date, surgical treatment, and preoperative risk). Of the 340 patients hospitalized, 252 were included (78.9% women). Mortality at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months was 21.2%, 25%, 28.8%, and 34.6% for men and 7.8%, 13.5%, 19.2%, and 21.4% for women, respectively. Predictors of death were male gender (HR = 2.54; 95%CI: 1.40-4.58), ASA score III/IV vs. I/II (HR = 1.95; 95%CI: 1.10-3.47), age (HR = 1.06; 95%CI: 1.03-1.10), and delay in days to surgery (HR = 1.07; 95%CI: 1.03-1.12). Factors related to death were mainly related to patients’ characteristics at admission

Tratamento cirúrgico por via anterior na mielopatia cervical espondilótica com seguimento mínimo de dez anos Tratamiento quirúrgico por vía anterior en la mieolopatía cervical espondilótica con seguimiento mínimo de diez años Anterior decompression and fusion for spondilotic cervical mielopathy with a minimal ten-year follow-up

OBJETIVO: a mielopatia cervical espondilótica (MEC) é uma causa frequente de disfunção da medula espinhal na população adulta. O tratamento implica em descompressão cirúrgica precoce. O objetivo foi apresentar um estudo retrospectivo da descompressão anterior e artrodese para MEC com um seguimento mínimo de dez anos. MÉTODOS: pacientes operados entre Janeiro de 1990 e Dezembro de 1994 foram avaliados por sexo, idade, número de níveis operados, avaliação funcional pela escala de Nurick pré-operatória um ano após cirurgia e após a revisão final que ocorreu em 2004, evidência de consolidação e complicações. RESULTADOS: foram avaliados 91 pacientes, 69 do sexo masculino, 22 do sexo feminino, com uma média de idade de 56,6 anos (42-86) e um seguimento médio de 11,9 anos. Ocorreram cinco óbitos: três pacientes no pós-operatório imediato, um no primeiro ano e um durante o restante período. Em média, foram operados 2,7±1,0 níveis por paciente (1-4). O valor médio de Nurick pré-operatório foi de 3,8±0,9. Houve uma melhoria significativa do estado neurológico um ano após a cirurgia (2,2±1,1; p<0,001) e entre o pré-operatório e a avaliação final (2,3±1,2; p<0,001). A degradação entre o primeiro ano e a avaliação final foi estatisticamente significativa (p=0,004). Verificou-se uma forte correlação entre a idade e o número de níveis operados (r=0,391; p=0,01), idade e estado neurológico inicial (r=0,238; p=0,05), estado neurológico inicial e número de níveis operados (r=0,251; p=0,05) e sexo e número de níveis operados, sendo as mulheres operadas a mais níveis (r=0,208; p=0,05). Verificou-se também uma maior deterioração neurológica entre o primeiro ano e a avaliação final em doentes mais jovens em comparação com os idosos (r=0,25; p=0,05). Há uma forte correlação entre a recuperação obtida ao primeiro ano e a recuperação final (r=0,838; p=0,01). A taxa de consolidação foi de 100%. CONCLUSÃO: na MEC, a cirurgia proporciona uma melhoria neurológica significativa e, apesar de uma deterioração clínica entre o primeiro ano e a avaliação final, os benefícios da descompressão são evidentes pelo menos dez anos após a intervenção.<br>OBJETIVO: la mielopatía cervical espondilótica (MEC) es una causa frecuente de disfunción de la médula espinal en la población adulta. El tratamiento implica una descompresión quirúrgica precoz. El objetivo es presentar un estudio retrospectivo de la descompresión anterior y artrodesis para MEC con un seguimiento mínimo de diez años. MÉTODOS: pacientes operados entre Enero de 1990 y Diciembre de 1994 fueron evaluados según el sexo, la edad, el número de niveles operados, la evaluación funcional por la escala de Nurick pre operatoria un año después de la cirugía y después de la revisión final que fue en el 2004, evidencia de consolidación y complicaciones. RESULTADOS: fueron evaluados 91 pacientes, 69 del sexo masculino, 22 del sexo femenino, con un promedio de edades de 56.6 años (42 a 86) y un seguimiento promedio de 11.9 años. Ocurrieron cinco óbitos: tres pacientes en el postoperatorio inmediato, uno durante el primer año y uno durante el restante periodo. En promedio, fueron operados 2.7±1.0 niveles por paciente (1 a 4). El valor promedio de Nurick pre operatorio fue de 3.8±0.9. Hubo una mejora significativa del estado neurológico un año después de la cirugía (2.2±1.1; p<0.001), y entre el pre operatorio y la evaluación final (2.3±1.2; p<0.001). El agravamiento entre el primer año y la evaluación final fue estadísticamente significativa (p=0.004). Se verificó una correlación fuerte entre la edad y el número de niveles operados (r=0.391; p=0.01), edad y estado neurológico inicial (r=0.238; p=0.05), estado neurológico inicial y número de niveles operados (r=0.251; p=0.05), y sexo y número de niveles operados, siendo las mujeres operadas con más niveles (r=0.208; p=0.05). Se verificó también un mayor deterioro neurológico entre el primer año y la evaluación final en enfermos más jóvenes al ser comparados con pacientes de edad avanzada (r=0.250; p=0.05). Hay una fuerte correlación entre la recuperación obtenida en el primer año y la recuperación final (r=0.838; p=0.01). La tasa de consolidación fue del 100%. CONCLUSIÓN: en la MEC, la cirugía proporciona una mejora neurológica significativa y, a pesar de un deterioro clínico entre el primer año y la evaluación final, los beneficios de la descompresión son evidentes por lo menos diez años después de la intervención.<br>OBJECTIVE: cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a common cause of spinal cord dysfunction in the adult population. The treatment implies early surgical decompression. The objective was to present a retrospective study of anterior decompression and arthrodesis for CSM with a minimal ten years follow-up. METHODS: patients operated between January 1990 and December 1994 were evaluated for sex, age, number of levels operated, functional evaluation with Nurick scale preoperatively, one year after surgery and at the final revision that took place in 2004, evidence of consolidation and complications. RESULTS: 91 patients were evaluated, 69 male, 22 female, with a mean age of 56.6 years (42-86) and mean follow-up of 11.9 years. Five deaths occurred: three patients died in the immediate postoperative period, one in the first year and one during the follow-up. A mean of 2.7±1.0 levels for patient was performed (1-4). The mean value of preoperative Nurick was 3.8±0.9. There was a significant improvement in neurological condition after one year (2.2±1.1; p<0.001), and between preoperative period and final evaluation (2.3±1.2; p<0.001). The degradation between the first year and the final evaluation was statistically significant (p=0.004). There was a strong correlation between age and the number of operated levels (r=0.391; p=0.01), age and initial neurologic status (r=0.238; p=0.05), initial neurological status and number of operated levels (r=0.251; p=0.05) and sex and number of operated levels, with women being operated for more levels (r=0.208; p=0.05). There was also a stronger neurological deterioration between the first year and the final follow-up in young patients when compared to older ones (r=0.25; p=0.05). There is a strong relation between the first year improvement and the final improvement (r=0.838, p=0.01). There was a 100% rate of consolidation. CONCLUSION: in CSM, a significant neurological improvement can be expected with surgery, and despite a clinical deterioration between the first year and the final evaluation, the benefits of decompression are evident at least ten years after the intervention

Strontium-rich injectable hybrid system for bone regeneration

Current challenges in the development of scaffolds for bone regeneration include the engineering of materials that can withstand normal dynamic physiological mechanical stresses exerted on the bone and provide a matrix capable of supporting cellmigration and tissue ingrowth. The objective of the present workwas to develop and characterize a hybrid polymer–ceramic injectable systemthat consists of an alginatematrix crosslinked in situ in the presence of strontium(Sr), incorporating a ceramic reinforcement in the form of Sr-richmicrospheres. The incorporation of Sr in the microspheres and in the vehicle relies on the growing evidence that Sr has beneficial effects in bone remodeling and in the treatment of osteopenic disorders and osteoporosis. Sr-rich porous hydroxyapatite microspheres with a uniform size and a mean diameter of 555 μmwere prepared, and their compression strength and friability tested. A 3.5% (w/v) ultrapure sodium alginate solution was used as the vehicle and its in situ gelation was promoted by the addition of calcium (Ca) or Sr carbonate and Glucone-δ-lactone. Gelation times varied with temperature and crosslinking agent, being slower for Sr than for Ca, but adequate for injection in both cases. Injectability was evaluated using a device employed in vertebroplasty surgical procedures, coupled to a texture analyzer in compression mode. Compositions with 35%w ofmicrospheres presented the best compromise between injectability and compression strength of the system, the force required to extrude it being lower than 100 N.Micro CT analysis revealed a homogeneous distribution of themicrospheres inside the vehicle, and a mean inter-microspheres space of 220 μm. DMA results showed that elastic behavior of the hybrid is dominant over the viscous one and that the higher storage modulus was obtained for the 3.5%Alg–35%Sr-HAp-Sr formulation.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio