Status update on SUNADAE2 magnetic field test facility at European XFEL

The implementation and further improvements of superconducting undulators is part of the European XFEL facility development program. Within this program, a magnetic field test facility is being developed. Named SUNDAE2 (Superconducting UNDulAtor Experiment 2), it aims to perform in-vacuum magnetic field measurements of superconducting undulators (SCUs) with three techniques: Hall probe, moving wire, and pulsed wire. This contribution presents the updates and status of SUNDAE2

Superconducting undulator activities at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility

For more than 5 years, superconducting undulators (SCUs) have been successfully delivering X-rays in storage rings. The European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (XFEL) plans to demonstrate the operation of SCUs in X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs). For the same geometry, SCUs can reach a higher peak field on the axis with respect to all other available technologies, offering a larger photon energy tunability range. The application of short-period SCUs in a high electron beam energy FEL > 11 GeV will enable lasing at very hard X-rays > 40 keV. The large tunability range of SCUs will allow covering the complete photon energy range of the soft X-ray experiments at the European XFEL without changing electron beam energy, as currently needed with the installed permanent magnet undulators. For a possible continuous-wave (CW) upgrade under discussion at the European XFEL with a lower electron beam energy of approximately 7–8 GeV, SCUs can provide the same photon energy range as available at present with the permanent magnet undulators and electron energies. This paper will describe the potential of SCUs for X-ray FELs. In particular, it will focus on the different activities ongoing at the European XFEL and in collaboration with DESY to allow the implementation of SCUs in the European XFEL in the upcoming years

Magnetic Measurement Techniques for the Large-Scale Production of Undulator Segments for the European XFEL

The European X-ray free electron laser (EXFEL) facility is currently under construction. Using the principle of self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE), intense FEL radiation is generated in three gap-tuneable undulator systems called SASE1, SASE2, and SASE3. The electron beam energy of the EXFEL is variable between 8.5 and 17.5 GeV. SASE1 and SASE2 are hard X-ray FELs using planar undulators with a period length of 40 mm, called U40s. By a suitable choice of the beam energy and undulator gap, the wavelength can be tuned from 0.05 to 0.4 nm. SASE3 is a soft X-ray FEL using planar undulators with a period length of 68 mm, called U68s. Under the same conditions, the wavelength can be tuned from 0.4 to 5.2 nm

Cascaded hard X-ray self-seeded free-electron laser at megahertz repetition rate

High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy in the sub-nanosecond to femtosecond time range requires ultrashort X-ray pulses and a spectral X-ray flux considerably larger than that presently available. X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) radiation from hard X-ray self-seeding (HXRSS) setups has been demonstrated in the past and offers the necessary peak flux properties. So far, these systems could not provide high repetition rates enabling a high average flux. We report the results for a cascaded HXRSS system installed at the European XFEL, currently the only operating high-repetition-rate hard X-ray XFEL facility worldwide. A high repetition rate, combined with HXRSS, allows the generation of millijoule-level pulses in the photon energy range of 6–14 keV with a bandwidth of around 1 eV (corresponding to about 1 mJ/eV peak spectral density) at the rate of ten trains per second, each train including hundreds of pulses arriving at a megahertz repetition rate. At 2.25 MHz repetition rate and photon energies in the 6–7 keV range, we observed and characterized the heat-load effects on the HXRSS crystals, substantially altering the spectra of subsequent X-ray pulses. We demonstrated that our cascaded self-seeding scheme reduces this detrimental effect to below the detection level. This opens up exciting new possibilities in a wide range of scientific fields employing ultrafast X-ray spectroscopy, scattering and imaging techniques

SASE3 Variable Polarization Project at the European XFEL

At the European XFEL, two undulator systems for hard and one for soft X-rays have been successfully put into operation. The SASE3 soft X-ray undulator system generates linearly polarized radiation in the horizontal plane. One of the requirements for extending the radiation characteristics is the ability to obtain different polarization modes. These include both right and left circular, elliptical polarization, or linear polarization at an arbitrary angle. For this purpose, a system consisting of four APPLE X helical undulators developed at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) is used. This paper presents the design parameters of the SASE3 undulator system after modifying it with the helical afterburner. It also describes the methods and the design solutions different from those used at PSI. The status and schedule of the project are introduced

The Large Scale European XFEL Control System: Overview and Status of the Commissioning

The European XFEL is a 3.4 km long X-ray Free Electron Laser in the final construction and commissioning phase in Hamburg. It will produce 27000 bunches per second at 17.5 GeV. Early 2015 a first electron beam was produced in the RF-photo-injector and the commissioning of consecutive sections will follow during this and next year. The huge number and variety of devices for the accelerator, beam line, experiment, cryogenic and facility systems pose a challenging control task. Multiple systems, including industrial solutions, must be interfaced to each other. The large number of bunches requires a tight time synchronization (down to picoseconds) and high performance data acquisition systems. Fast feedbacks from front-ends, the DAQs and online analysis system with a seamless integration of controls are essential for the accelerator and the initially 6 experimental end stations. It turns out that the European XFEL will be the first installation exceeding 2500 FPGA components in the MicroTCA form factor and will run one of the largest PROFIBUS networks. Many subsystem prototypes are already successfully in operation. An overview and status of the XFEL control system will begiven

The Large Scale European XFEL Control System: Overview and Status of the Commissioning

The European XFEL is a 3.4 km long X-ray Free Electron Laser in the final construction and commissioning phase in Hamburg. It will produce 27000 bunches per second at 17.5 GeV. Early 2015 a first electron beam was produced in the RF-photo-injector and the commissioning of consecutive sections will follow during this and next year. The huge number and variety of devices for the accelerator, beam line, experiment,cryogenic and facility systems pose a challenging control task. Multiple systems, including industrial solutions, must be interfaced to each other. The large number of bunches requires a tight time synchronization (down to picoseconds) and high performance data acquisitionsystems. Fast feedbacks from front-ends, the DAQs and online analysis system with a seamless integration of controls are essential for the accelerator and the initially 6 experimental end stations. It turns out that the European XFEL will be the first installation exceeding 2500 FPGAcomponents in the MicroTCA form factor and will run one of the largest PROFIBUS networks. Many subsystem prototypes are already successfully in operation. An overview and status of the XFEL control system will be given

The Large Scale European XFEL Control System: Overview and Status of the Commissioning

The European XFEL is a 3.4km long X-ray Free Electron Laser in the final construction and commissioning phase in Hamburg. It will produce 27000 bunches per second at 17.5GeV. Early 2015 a first electron beam was produced in the RF-photo-injector and the commissioning of consecutive sections is following during this and next year. The huge number and variety of devices for the accelerator, beam line, experiment, cryogenic and facility systems pose a challenging control task. Multiple systems, including industrial solutions, must be interfaced to each other. The high number of bunches requires a tight time synchronization (down to picoseconds) and high performance data acquisition systems. Fast feedbacks from front-ends, the DAQs and online analysis system with a seamless integration of controls are essential for the accelerator and the initially 6 experimental end stations. It turns out that the European XFEL will be the first installation exceeding 2500 FPGA components in the MicroTCA form factor and will run one of the largest PROFIBUS networks. Many subsystem prototypes are already successfully in operation. An overview and status of the XFEL control system will be given