Impact of Designed Teaching Program for Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes on Maternal outcomes

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with an onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Aim of this research: was to examine the impact of designed teaching program for pregnant women with gestational diabetes on maternal outcomes. Subjects & Methods:- Design: quasi experimental pre-post one group design was utilized for the current study. Setting: The study was carried out at Antenatal outpatient clinic at El-Manial Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital. Sample: A convenient sample of 100 gestational diabetic women was recruited for the study. Data collection: different tools were used to collect the data; (1) Structured Interviewing Schedule; (2) Physical assessment sheet; (3) Pretest for assessing knowledge; (4) Follow up tool to asses women's compliance to the given instructions; (5) Post test for assessing knowledge, and Post partum questionnaire. Results: revealed that, the mean post-test knowledge score (18.45) was significantly higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score, there was weak positive relationship between the mean post-test knowledge score and maternal compliance to the given instructions (r = 0.304), no statistically significant relationship were found in relation to post test knowledge score and blood glucose level in the current pregnancy (P=0.37), Moreover, there was high statistically significant relationship between the mean posttest knowledge score and mode of the current delivery (P =0.016). All over there was high statistically significant relationship between post-test knowledge score and maternal outcomes  (P < 0.001). In conclusion:  participating of designed teaching program for gestational diabetic women lead to increase knowledge score about the disease and increase women's awareness of how to decrease its complications. This research recommended that: Raise pregnant mother's awareness regarding Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, definition, diagnosis, symptoms and signs , frequency of antenatal visits, and ways to adopting healthy life style as follow dietary program and practice exercises. Keywords: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Women compliance, , Postpartum questionnair

Molecular Identification, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of the Tropical Seagrass Halophila stipulacea Grown in El-Bardawil Lake, Egypt

Abstract: Halophila stipulacea a tropical seagrass entered the Mediterranean Sea from the Red Sea after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. Up to date, no genetic studies of Halophila stipulacea from El-Bardawil Lake are available. In order to verify the molecular identity of El-Bardawil lake isolates of Halophila stipulacea, employing Random Amplified Polymorphic analysis (RAPD) which carried out using six decamer primers, 26 amplified bands were produced, the highest number of amplified fragments (11 fragments) was produced by primer OP C04 and the OP B07 whereas OPC03 was the lowest primer (7 fragments). In this study, aqueous extract from Halophila stipulacea was assayed against some microorganisms using zone inhibition technique. The extract showed moderate activity against Gram-positive bacteria and high activity against filamentous Aspergillus niger fungus. In addition the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract was studied and showed a moderate activity of the Halophila stipulacea seagrass reached 40%. The total phenolic content in the seagrass extract was 0.523 mg tannic acid equivalent /g

Quantification of Total Phenolic and Total Flavonoid Contents in Extracts of Some Egyptian Green leaves and Estimation of Antioxidant Activity

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine the total poly phenols and flavonoids, estimation of antioxidant activity in vitro by two methods (DPPH radica -carotene) for 16 plant leaves. Radish ( white, red ) , attract, cabbage ( white, red ), dill, boil, carrots (red, yellow), red beet, sugar beet, cauliflower, coriander, parsley, spinach and lettuce extracted by cold and boiled water for 10, 30 and 60 minutes. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the extracts were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and AlCl 3 method and their amount calculated as gallic acid/100g and rutin/100g fresh weight respectively

Production and Separation of Chitooligosaccharides using Capsicum annuun Immobilized Chitosanase

ABSTRACT The products of chitosan hydrolysis are chitooligosaccharides and are used mainly for medical applications due to their specific biological activities. The objective of this study was to prepare and separate chitooligosaccharides (COS N )from chitosan using Capsicum annuum immobilized chitosanase. We firstly studied the optimal reaction conditions, in order to maximizethe production of COS N by using immobilized chitosanase. The optimal temperature and pH for COS N production were determined to be 55°C and pH 5.6. The ratio of enzyme /substrate should not be lower than 0.95 U/mg in reaction mixture for maximal COS N production. From the time course of the enzymatic degradation of soluble chitosan, it was found that the hydrolysis rate was fast during the first 1.5 h. In the following reaction time, no significant change occurred. The immobilized chitosanase could be recovered and reused repeatedly for four times with high COS N production. Relative COS N production at optimum hydrolysis conditions was 55.21 %.The prepared COS N was separated by ultrafiltration to four fraction (I, II, III and IV) according to the molecular weights (>100, 100-10, 10-1 and <1KDa, respectively). The total yield recovery after separation by ultrafiltration was 100%. Fraction II and III with COS N yield of 33.5 % and 31.3 % and COS ratio of 18.31 % and 49.72%, respectively were higher than that of fraction I and IV

Obesity, inflammatory and thrombotic markers, and major clinical outcomes in critically ill patients with COVID‐19 in the US

Objective This study aimed to determine whether obesity is independently associated with major adverse clinical outcomes and inflammatory and thrombotic markers in critically ill patients with COVID‐19. Methods The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality in adults with COVID‐19 admitted to intensive care units across the US. Secondary outcomes were acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy (AKI‐RRT), thrombotic events, and seven blood markers of inflammation and thrombosis. Unadjusted and multivariable‐adjusted models were used. Results Among the 4,908 study patients, mean (SD) age was 60.9 (14.7) years, 3,095 (62.8%) were male, and 2,552 (52.0%) had obesity. In multivariable models, BMI was not associated with mortality. Higher BMI beginning at 25 kg/m2 was associated with a greater risk of ARDS and AKI‐RRT but not thrombosis. There was no clinically significant association between BMI and inflammatory or thrombotic markers. Conclusions In critically ill patients with COVID‐19, higher BMI was not associated with death or thrombotic events but was associated with a greater risk of ARDS and AKI‐RRT. The lack of an association between BMI and circulating biomarkers calls into question the paradigm that obesity contributes to poor outcomes in critically ill patients with COVID‐19 by upregulating systemic inflammatory and prothrombotic pathways

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially